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 brother. He became a scholar of Corpus Christi College, Oxford, on 6 July 1560, and was elected a fellow on 9 Nov. 1564. He graduated B.A. on 18 April 1564, M.A. on 10 July 1568. He then studied medicine at Cambridge, where John Caius [q. v.] was actively engaged in the encouragement of that study. He settled at Lewes in Sussex, where he acquired a large practice. He did not graduate M.B. at Oxford till 10 July 1593, and then proceeded M.D. at Cambridge. He was admitted a licentiate of the College of Physicians on 7 May 1596, his patron, Lord Buckhurst, having in April 1595 written to ask the college to admit him a fellow. The college resolved to admit him as soon as the statutes would allow. He was versed in astrology and a friend of Dr. John Dee [q. v.] He died at Lewes on 1 Aug. 1613, and was buried in the chancel of the church of St. Peter's and Mary's-Westout, where a brass to his memory remains to this day, bearing fourteen laudatory lines of Latin verse.

By his wife, Joanna Pumfrett, whom he was licensed to marry on 6 Oct. 1571, he was father of Brian Twyne [q. v.], the Oxford antiquary.

Some of Twyne's works are indicated by initials only, and others are translations or editions in which it is difficult to trace his exact share. Thus ‘The Schoolmaster,’ published in London in 1576 and 1583 in quarto, has also been attributed to Thomas Turswell [q. v.] Twyne's chief works are: 1. ‘The Breviary of Britayne,’ 1572. 2. ‘The Survey of the World,’ 1572. 3. ‘The Garland of Godly Flowers,’ 1574; dedicated to Sir Nicholas Bacon. 4. ‘The Tragedy of Tyrants,’ 1575. 5. ‘The Wonderful Workmanship of the World,’ 1578; dedicated to Sir Francis Walsingham. 6. ‘Physicke against Fortune, as well Prosperous as Adverse; translated from F. Petrark,’ 1579. 7. ‘New Counsel against the Plague; translated from Peter Drouet,’ all printed in London. He also translated into English verse the eleventh, twelfth, and thirteenth books of the ‘Æneid,’ completing the work of Thomas Phaer [q. v.], which was published as ‘The whole xiii. books of the Æneidos of Virgill’ in 1573, in 1584, and in 1596 in quarto. He inclines to dulness both in prose and verse.

[Munk's Coll. of Phys, i. 108; Lower's Sussex Worthies, p. 183; Marriage Licences issued by the Bishop of London, i. 50; Wood's Athenæ Oxon. i. 329.]  TWYSDEN, JOHN, M.D. (1607–1688), physician, fourth son of Sir William Twysden, first baronet in 1611, was born at Roydon Hall in East Peckham, Kent, in 1607 (, Kent, ii. 275). Sir Roger Twysden [q. v.] and Sir Thomas Twysden [q. v.] were his brothers. John was educated at University College, Oxford, whence he matriculated on 20 June 1623; he left the university without a degree and entered the Inner Temple, where he was called to the bar in 1634. In 1645 he was in Paris (Mathematical Lucubrations), and in 1646 graduated M.D. at Angers. He was incorporated at Oxford 6 Nov. 1651 (, ii. 107), and in 1654 settled in London, and on 22 Dec. was admitted a candidate of the College of Physicians, and on 20 Oct. 1664 was elected a fellow. His friend Walter Foster of Emmanuel College, Cambridge, placed in his hands the mathematical remains of Samuel Foster [q. v.] after the death of that Gresham professor in 1652. His first work, published in London in 1654, was an edition of Samuel Foster's ‘Four Treatises of Dialing,’ and in 1659 he published the residue of Foster's papers, with some mathematical essays of his own, in a folio volume entitled ‘Miscellanies or Mathematical Lucubrations.’ He published in 1666 ‘Medicina veterum Vindicata, or an Answer to a book entitled Medela Medicinæ,’ a defence of the orthodox medical doctrines of the day against Marchamont Needham [q. v.] The book, which is dedicated to Lord-chancellor Clarendon, and to the chiefs of the three courts, Keeling, Bridgman, and Hales, shows a good deal of general learning and much power of argument, while many passages illustrate the author's taste for mathematics, but it contains no clinical or pathological observations. In the same year he published another book of the same kind, an ‘Answer to Medicina Instaurata’ (London, 8vo). In 1676 Needham was defeated in an action by the College of Physicians before Twysden's brother, Sir Thomas Twysden, in the court of king's bench (, Col. of Physicians, p. 273). He continued his mathematical studies, and published in 1685 ‘The Use of the Great Planisphere called the Analemma.’ He died unmarried on 13 Sept. 1688. He was buried on the 15th in St. Margaret's Church, Westminster. His account of the last illness and death of his mother and two letters are extant in Brit. Mus. Addit. MSS. 34173 and 34176.

[Works; Munk's Coll. of Phys. i. 319; Ward's Gresham Professors; English Baronets, 1727, vol. i.]  TWYSDEN, ROGER (1597–1672), historical antiquary, born in 1597, was the grandson of Roger Twysden (1542–1603), sheriff of Kent, and great-grandson of