Page:Dictionary of National Biography volume 57.djvu/393

 Dr. Tweedie was a voluminous writer. He was joint-author with C. Gaselee of ‘A Practical Treatise on Cholera,’ 1832, 8vo, and was the original and sole projector of the ‘Cyclopædia of Practical Medicine’ (London, 1831–5, 4 vols. 8vo), comprising treatises on the nature and treatment of diseases, materia medica and therapeutics, and medical jurisprudence. Tweedie was a large contributor, and was one of the editors. He planned and edited the ‘Library of Medicine,’ in eight volumes, which appeared in 1840–42, 8vo; and was the author of ‘Clinical Illustrations of Fever’ (London, 1828, 8vo), and of ‘Lectures on the Distinctive Characters, Pathology, and Treatment of Continued Fevers,’ 1862, 8vo.

[Lancet, 1884; Edinburgh Medical Journal, 1884; Munk's Coll. of Phys. iii. 252; Churchill's Medical Directory; Records of the Royal Society; Cat. Brit. Mus. Library; Records of Royal High School, Edinburgh.]  TWEEDIE, WILLIAM MENZIES (1826–1878), portrait-painter, born at Glasgow in 1826, was the son of David Tweedie, a lieutenant in the marines. He was himself intended for the navy, but at six years of age he already showed such a talent for drawing portraits that his father was persuaded to allow him to study art. He entered the Edinburgh Academy at the age of sixteen, and remained there for four years, gaining a prize for the best copy of Etty's picture, ‘The Combat.’ In 1843 he exhibited a portrait in oils at the Royal Scottish Academy. In 1846 he came to London and became a student at the Royal Academy. He afterwards studied for three years at Paris under Thomas Couture. In 1847 his ‘Summer’ appeared at the Royal Academy, but he did not exhibit there again till 1856, when he sent a portrait of (Sir) Austen Henry Layard. From that year till 1859 he resided in Rodney Street, Liverpool. He exhibited four pictures, studies and figure-subjects, at the British Institution, 1857–60, and thirty-three in all, portraits with a very few exceptions, at the Royal Academy. He settled in London in 1859, and resided at first in Baker Street, but after 1862 at 44 Piccadilly. His pictures were not always accepted at the Royal Academy, and after 1874 they were invariably refused. This failure affected his health, and he died on 19 March 1878.

[Redgrave's Dict. of Artists; Graves's Dict. of Artists; Royal Academy Cat.]  TWELLS, LEONARD, D.D. (d. 1742), divine, received his education at Jesus College, Cambridge, whence he graduated B.A. in 1704 (Graduati Cantabr.) In 1722 he was presented to the vicarage of St. Mary's, Marlborough, Wiltshire (, Hist. of Marlborough, p. 506). He took the degree of M.A. at Oxford by diploma, 7 Dec. 1733, and was created D.D. in that university, 7 July 1740 (, Alumni Oxon.) In 1737 he was presented to the united rectories of St. Matthew, Friday Street, and St. Peter, Cheapside, London. He was also a prebendary of St. Paul's, and one of the lecturers at St. Dunstan's-in-the-West. He died at Islington on 19 Feb. 1741–2, leaving a large family very destitute.

His works are: 1. ‘A Critical Examination of the late new Text and Version of the New Testament, wherein the editor [William Mace]'s corrupt text, false version, and fallacious notes are detected and censur'd,’ 3 parts, London, 1731–2, 8vo. 2. ‘A Vindication (and a Supplement to the Vindication) of the Gospel of St. Matthew, against a late tract entitled A Dissertation or inquiry concerning the canonical authority of the Gospel according to St. Matthew,’ 2 pts. London, 1735, 8vo. 3. ‘A Second Vindication of the Gospel of St. Matthew,’ London, 1735, 8vo. 4. ‘An Answer to the Enquiry into the meaning of Demoniacks in the New Testament,’ London, 1737, 8vo. 5. ‘An Answer to the Further Enquiry into the meaning of Demoniacks in the New Testament [by Arthur Ashley Sykes], in a second letter to the author,’ London, 1738, 8vo. 6. An edition, published by subscription, of ‘The Theological Works of Dr. Pocock. To which is prefixed an account of his life and writings,’ London, 1740, fol. 7. ‘Twenty-four Sermons preached … at the lecture founded by the Hon. R. Boyle, and eight Sermons preached … at the lecture founded by the Lady Moyer,’ 2 vols. London, 1743, 8vo; 2nd edit. 1755.

[Addit. MSS. 5820 f. 169, 5882 f. 65; Gent. Mag, 1742 p. 107, 1867 i. 209; Lewis's Islington, p. 454; Malcolm's Londinium Redivivum, iv. 487; Nichols's Bibl. Topographica Britannica, iii. 189; Nichols's Illustr. of Literature; Nichols's Lit. Anecd. i. 465–72, ii. 25, iii. 98, vi. 454; Notes and Queries, 2nd ser. xi. 123; Memoirs of Dr. Stukeley, i. 333.]  TWENG, ROBERT (1205?-126?), opponent of Henry III's foreign ecclesiastics. [See .]

TWINE. [See .]

TWINING, RICHARD (1749–1824), director of the East India Company and head of the old tea business in the Strand, descended from a family which can be traced from the beginning of the fifteenth century