Page:Dictionary of National Biography volume 57.djvu/39

 Order,’ and similar reflections and observations, all ‘extracted out of Dr. Tong's Papers, written at his first discovery of this plot to his Majesty and since augmented for public satisfaction,’ London, 1680, 4to. As an appendix to this appeared ‘An Answer to certain Scandalous Papers scattered abroad under colour of a Catholick Admonition.’ In this he draws up a drastic code of twenty measures to be aimed against the catholics. A list is given of the names of the intended protestant victims, that of Tonge himself being prominent.

[Wood's Athenæ Oxon. ed. Bliss, iii. 1262; Foster's Alumni Oxon. 1500–1714; Wood's Life and Times, ed. Clark, ii. passim; Evelyn's Diary, ii. 125; Thomas Jones's Funeral Sermon, 1681, 4to; Burnet's Own Time, i. 424, 510; Grey's Debates, 1769, vols. vii–x.; Hist. MSS. Comm. 14th Rep. App. iv. passim; Smith's Intrigues of the Popish Plot, 1685; Eachard's Hist. of England; Care's Hist. of the Papists' Plots; Luttrell's Relation, i. 56, 128; North's Examen; Tonge's Works; see authorities under, and .]  TONKIN, THOMAS (1678–1742), Cornish historian, born at Trevaunance, St. Agnes, Cornwall, and baptised in its parish church on 26 Sept. 1678, was the eldest son of Hugh Tonkin (1652–1711), vice-warden of the Stannaries 1701, and sheriff of Cornwall 1702, by his first wife, Frances (1662–1691), daughter of Walter Vincent of Trelevan, near Tregony.

Tonkin matriculated from Queen's College, Oxford, on 12 March 1693–4, and was entered as a student at Lincoln's Inn on 20 Feb. 1694–5. At Oxford he associated with his fellow-collegian, Edmund Gibson, afterwards bishop of London, and with Edward Lhuyd, who between 1700 and 1708 addressed several letters to him in Cornwall (, Archæol. Cornub. 1790;, Cornwall, v. 8–14); and he was friendly with Bishop Thomas Tanner [q. v.]

Tonkin withdrew into Cornwall and settled on the family estate. From about 1700 to the end of his days he prosecuted without cessation his inquiries into the topography and genealogy of Cornwall, and he soon made ‘great proficiency in studying the Welsh and Cornish languages’ (, Carew); but he quickly became involved in pecuniary trouble. To improve his property he obtained in 1706 the queen's sign-manual to a patent for a weekly market and two fairs at St. Agnes, but through the opposition of the inhabitants of Truro the grant was revoked. His progenitors had spent large sums from 1632 onwards in endeavouring to erect a quay at Trevaunance-porth. By 1710 he had expended 6,000l. upon it, but the estate afterwards fell ‘into the hands of a merciless creditor,’ and in 1730 the pier was totally destroyed ‘for want of a very small timely repair and looking after’ (ib. pp. 353–4).

Tonkin's wife was Elizabeth, daughter of James Kempe of the Barn, near Penryn. Thomas Worth, jun., of that town, and Samuel Kempe of Carclew, an adjoining mansion, were his brothers-in-law. He had by these connections much interest in the district, and from 12 April 1714 at a by-election, to the dissolution on 5 Jan. 1714–15, he represented in parliament the borough of Helston. Alexander Pendarves, whose widow afterwards became Mrs. Delany, was his colleague in parliament and his chief friend; they were ‘Cornish squires of high tory repute’ (, Parl. Rep. of Cornwall, p. 48;, Autobiography, i. 46, 108).

On the death of the last of the Vincents, Tonkin dwelt at Trelevan for a time; but the property was too much encumbered for him to retain the freehold. The latter part of his life was passed at Polgorran, in Gorran parish, another of his estates. He died there, and was buried at Gorran on 4 Jan. 1741–2. His wife predeceased him on 24 June 1739. They had several children, but the male line became extinct on the death of Thomas Tonkin, their third son.

Tonkin put forth in 1737 proposals for printing a history of Cornwall, in three volumes of imperial quarto at three guineas; and on 19 July 1736 he prefixed to a collection of modern Cornish pieces and a Cornish vocabulary, which he had drawn up for printing, a dedication to William Gwavas of Gwavas, his chief assistant (this dedication was sent by Prince L. L. Bonaparte on 30 Nov. 1861 to the ‘Cambrian Journal,’ and there reprinted to show the indebtedness to Tonkin's labours of William Pryce [q. v.]). Neither of these contemplated works saw the light. On 25 Feb. 1761 Dr. Borlase obtained from Tonkin's representative the loan of his manuscripts, consisting ‘of nine volumes, five folios, and four quartos, partly written upon,’ a list of which is printed in the ‘Journal of the Royal Institution of Cornwall,’ vi. (No. xxi.) 167–75. On the death of Tonkin's niece, Miss Foss, in 1780, the manuscripts of the proposed history of Cornwall became the property of Lord de Dunstanville, who allowed Davies Gilbert [q. v.] to edit and to embody them in his history of the county ‘founded on the manuscript histories of