Page:Dictionary of National Biography volume 57.djvu/274

 TRURO,. [See, 1782-1855.]

TRUSLER, JOHN (1735–1820), eccentric divine, literary compiler and medical empiric, was born in London in July 1735. His father was the proprietor of the public tea-gardens at Marylebone. In his tenth year he was sent to Westminster school, and at the age of fifteen he was transferred to Mr. Fountaine's fashionable seminary at Marylebone. Next he proceeded to Emmanuel College, Cambridge, whence he graduated B.A. in 1757 (Graduati Cantabr. 1823, p. 479; Addit. MS. 5882, f. 97). On his return home he translated from the Italian several burlettas and adapted them to the English stage. One of these, he says, was ‘La Serva Padrona,’ or the ‘Servant-Mistress,’ of Giovanni Battista Pergolesi, performed in Marylebone Gardens in 1757; but it seems that the real translator was [q. v.] (, Biogr. Dramatica, 1812, iii. 259).

Trusler took holy orders, becoming a priest in 1759. He was curate successively of Enford, Wiltshire, of Ware, Hertfordshire, at Hertford, at the Hythe church, Colchester, of Ockley, Surrey, and of St. Clement-Danes in the Strand. In 1761 Dr. Bruce, the king's chaplain at Somerset House, employed him as his assistant and procured for him the chaplaincy to the Poultry-Compter. He also held a lectureship in the city. At this period he took a house at Rotherhithe.

But clerical work did not exhaust Trusler's energies. In 1762 he established an academy for teaching oratory ‘mechanically,’ but, as it did not pay, he soon gave it up. In order to acquire a knowledge of physic he admitted himself a perpetual pupil of Drs. Hunter and Fordyce. He then went to Leyden to take the degree of M.D., but his name does not appear in the catalogue of graduates in that university. However, he either obtained or assumed the title of doctor, and he is frequently styled LL.D. He superintended for some time the Literary Society established in 1765 with the object of abolishing publishers (Notes and Queries, 4th ser. iii. 421).

In 1769 he sent circulars to every parish in England and Ireland proposing to print in script type, in imitation of handwriting, about a hundred and fifty sermons at the price of one shilling each, in order to save the clergy both study and the trouble of transcribing. This ingenious scheme appears to have met with considerable success. Trusler next established a printing and bookselling business upon an extensive and a very lucrative scale. At one time he resided in Red Lion Street, Clerkenwell. He afterwards lived at Bath on the profits of his trade, and subsequently on an estate of his own at Englefield Green, Middlesex. In 1806 he published at Bath the first part of his autobiography, entitled ‘The Memoirs of the Life of the Revd. Dr. Trusler,’ 4to. Only part i. appeared, and, it is said, the author sought to suppress it (, Bibl. Manual, ed. Bohn, p. 2715). The remainder of the memoirs in Trusler's autograph were in 1851 in the possession of James Crossley of Manchester (Notes and Queries, 1st ser. iii. 110). Trusler died in 1820 at the Villa House, Bathwick. He married in 1759, his wife dying in December 1762. His portrait has been engraved.

Among his very numerous publications are:  ‘The Difference between Words esteemed Synonyms, in the English Language; and the proper choice of them determined’ (anon.), 2 vols., London, 1766, 12mo. A second edition, with the author's name, appeared in 1783; third edition, 2 vols., 1794; reprinted 1835.  ‘Hogarth Moralized. Being a complete edition of Hogarth's Works. Containing near fourscore copperplates,’ London, 1768, 8vo. This was published with the approval of the widow of the painter. There is a later edition, 2 vols., London, 1821, fol., with very inferior impressions of the plates. The edition prepared by John Major, London, 1831, 8vo, contains a new set of plates, beautifully engraved. To the edition in two vols., 1838, 4to, ‘are added Anecdotes of the Author and his work by J. Hogarth and J. Nichols.’ Trusler's explanations of the plates are likewise included in ‘The Complete Works of Hogarth,’ London, 1861–2, 4to.  ‘Chronology: or, a concise view of the Annals of England,’ London, 1769, 12mo; republished under the title of ‘Chronology, or the Historian's Vade Mecum,’ 4th edit., with great additions, London, 1772, 8vo; 14th edit., enlarged, 3 vols., 1792–1802.  ‘Principles of Politeness,’ being a compilation from ‘Lord Chesterfield's Letters,’ 1775; 18th edit. [1790]; reprinted under the title of ‘The New Chesterfield’ [1836?].  ‘A descriptive Account of the Islands lately discovered in the South Seas. … With some Account of the Country of Camchatka,’ London, 1778, 8vo. This is an abridgment of ‘Cooke's Voyages.’  ‘Practical Husbandry, or the Art of Farming, with certainty of gain,’ London, 1780, 8vo; 5th edit., Bath, 1820, 8vo.  ‘Luxury no Political Evil’ [1780?].  ‘Poetic Endings, or a Dictionary of Rhymes, single and double,’ London, 1783, 12mo.  ‘A concise View of the Common and Statute Law of England,’ 1784, being an abridgment of Blackstone's Commentaries.  ‘The 