Page:Dictionary of National Biography volume 55.djvu/79

 Stuart, who married Philippe de Bragne, seigneur de Luat. By his second wife, Anne, daughter of Guy de Maumont, seigneur of Saint-Quentin, he had a daughter Anne, married to her cousin, Robert Stuart, who became seigneur of Saint-Quentin in her right.

A portrait of Bernard Stuart, after a medal by Niccolo Spinelli, engraved from Heiss's ‘Médailleurs de la Renaissance,’ forms the frontispiece of Lady Elizabeth Cust's ‘Stuarts of Aubigny.’



STUART, BERNARD, titular  (1623?–1646), born about 1623, was the sixth son of Esmé, third duke of Lennox (1579–1624) [see under, second Duke of Lennox]. His mother Katherine (d. 1637), only daughter and heiress of Gervase, lord Clifton of Leighton-Bromswold in Huntingdonshire, was after her father's death in 1618 Baroness Clifton in her own right. , fourth duke of Lennox [q. v.], was his eldest brother. Bernard was brought up under the direction of trustees appointed by the king, having a distinct revenue assigned for his maintenance (Cal. State Papers, Dom. 1623–5, p. 488). On 30 Jan. 1638–9 he obtained a license to travel abroad for three years (ib. 1638–9, p. 378). On the outbreak of the civil war in 1642 he was appointed captain of the king's own troop of lifeguards, and he was knighted on 18 April.

Bernard was present at the battle of Edgehill, 23 Oct. 1642, at which his brother George, lord D'Aubigny, was killed. On 29 June 1644, at the head of the guards, he supported the Earl of Cleveland [see ] in his charge on the parliamentarians at Cropredy Bridge, which resulted in the capture of Waller's park of artillery. In 1645 Charles I designated him Earl of Lichfield; but to such pecuniary straits was he reduced that he could not pay the necessary fees, and Sir Edward Nicholas [q. v.] in consequence wrote to the king recommending him to command his patent to pass without fees (ib. 1645–7, p. 111). Before anything was done, however, Bernard fell in battle. After the defeat at Naseby, at which he was present, he accompanied Charles on his march to relieve Chester, and entered the town with the king on 23 Sept. On the following day, while Sir Marmaduke Langdale engaged the parliamentary forces on Rowton Heath, Stuart headed a sally from the city. For a time he was successful, but he was eventually driven back and slain in the rout that followed. ‘He was,’ says Clarendon, ‘a very faultless young man, of a most gentle, courteous, and affable nature, and of a spirit and courage invincible, whose loss all men exceedingly lamented, and the king bore it with extraordinary grief.’ He died unmarried, and his burial in Christ Church, Oxford, is recorded on 11 March 1645–6. A portrait of Lord John and Lord Bernard Stuart by Vandyck is in the possession of the Duke of Richmond at Cobham Hall; it has been engraved by R. Thomson and by McArdell. There was also a portrait of Bernard Stuart in the collection of the Duke of Kent, which was engraved by Vertue.



STUART, CHARLES, sixth and third  (1640–1672), born in London on 6 Mar. 1639–40, was the only son of George Stuart, ninth seigneur d'Aubigny, who was fourth son of Esmé, third duke of Lennox [see under, second ]. Charles Stuart's mother was Catherine Howard (d. 1650), eldest daughter of Theophilus, second earl of Suffolk, who, after the death of her husband, George Stuart, at Edgehill in 1642, married Sir James Levingstane, created Earl of Newburgh in 1660.

On 10 Dec. 1645 Charles was created Baron Newbury and Earl of Lichfield, titles intended for his uncle, (1623?–1646) [q. v.] In January 1658 he crossed to France, and took up his residence in the house of his uncle, Ludovic, seigneur d'Aubigny (Cal. State Papers, Dom. 1657–8, pp. 264, 315, 512, 551). In the following year he fell under the displeasure of the council of state, and warrants were issued for seizing his person and goods (ib. 1559–60, pp. 98, 227, 229). This wounded him deeply, and when, after the Restoration, he sat in the Convention parliament, he showed great animosity towards the supporters of the Commonwealth.

He returned to England with Charles II, and on the death of his cousin, Esmé Stuart, on 10 Aug. 1660, he succeeded him as Duke of Richmond and Lennox [see under, fourth and first ]. In the same year