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 which he appears to have obtained from Peter to guard against any possible defect. This hospital, originally for forty poor brethren, survived the Reformation, but the number was reduced to thirteen in 1610. The buildings were entirely renovated by John William Egerton, earl of Bridgewater, who held the mastership 1785–1823. The charters, statutes, &c., are printed by Surtees, Hutchinson, and Dugdale (Monast. ed. Ellis, vi. 689–90). The seal, which really belongs to Stephen Payn, dean of Exeter 1415–1419, is figured by Hutchinson.

[All the facts, unless otherwise stated, are given by Graystanes, Hist. Dun. Scriptt. Tres, ed. Raine, pp. 45–56. See also Surtees's Durham, I. xxix, xxx, III. 134–8, and 389; Hutchinson's Durham, i. 214–23, and iii. 91–103; Ann. Monast. ii. 117, iii. 383, iv. 465; Chron. de Lanercost. p. 96.]

 STIGAND (d. 1072), archbishop of Canterbury, was almost certainly the priest of that name who was appointed in 1020 to the church built by Canute [q. v.] at Assandun, probably Ashington in Essex, to commemorate his victory there (A.-S. Chron. sub an., Canterbury;, Norman Conquest, i. 473). He was chaplain to Canute and Harold Harefoot, and the chief counsellor of Canute's widow, Emma [q. v.] Florence of Worcester, under 1038, says that he was appointed to the see of Elmham, but lost it because Grimketel, bishop of the South-Saxons, or of Selsey, offered more money for it, and held it along with Selsey; Stigand, however, was reinstated and held the South-Saxon see, and obtained the see of Elmham for his brother Æthelmær ( i. 193, followed by Gesta Pontificum, p. 150). There is some confusion in this account, which probably combines changes that happened some years apart. This much, however, seems certain, that Stigand was appointed to Elmham in 1038, and lost it before he was consecrated, that he obtained it again, and was consecrated to it in 1043 (A.-S. Chron. sub an., Abingdon). In that year he lost it again, for as Queen Emma's adviser he shared in her disgrace [see under ]. He was reinstated in 1044, and received the bishopric of Winchester in 1047. Edward the Confessor employed him in 1051 during his quarrel with Earl Godwine, with whom Stigand was in sympathy [see under or ]. He is said to have advised and agreed to the king's appointment of Duke William as his successor (, p. 129; the story of the appointment probably refers to a promise made by Edward in 1051). On Earl Godwine's return in 1052 he was engaged in the negotiations between him and the king; and Robert of Jumièges [q. v.], the archbishop of Canterbury, having fled and being outlawed, Stigand was appointed to succeed him. The appointment was uncanonical, and the pope ordered the restitution of Robert. While Stigand was acknowledged in all civil matters, his ecclesiastical position was regarded as bad even in England; bishops avoided receiving consecration from him, and even his friend Earl Harold (afterwards king) chose to have the minster that he built at Waltham dedicated in 1060 by the archbishop of York rather than by him (De Inventione Crucis, c. 16, where the twelfth-century writer describes the see of Canterbury as vacant in 1060; see also ann. 1062, 1070, and  Gesta Regum, vol. ii. c. 199). He is said to have been cited and excommunicated by five successive popes (Norman Conquest, ii. 607), and the schismatical position in which his appointment placed England was evidently urged by the messengers of the Norman duke to Alexander II in 1066, while the injury that it did to Robert is said to have been one of the causes of William's wrath against the English (, pp. 121–3; p. 199). Stigand made his case worse by retaining the see of Winchester together with that of Canterbury, and he is also said to have held several abbeys, and to have obtained and disposed of church preferments simoniacally (Gesta Pontificum, pp. 35, 36, where his ill-doings may be exaggerated, but he certainly held the abbey of Gloucester, Ecclesiastical Documents, p. 16, Camden Soc., and for a short time, Ely, Historia Eliensis, p. 220; as to other alleged cases, see Norman Conquest, iii. 643). For six years he used the pall that Robert had left behind him. In 1058, however, he received a pall from Benedict X, evidently in consequence of a request of Earl Harold, and he then consecrated two English bishops. In 1059 Benedict was declared uncanonical and was deposed, so that Stigand's position was rendered even worse than before. The legates sent to England by Alexander in 1062 seem to have published the papal condemnation of him, and Wulfstan went for consecration to the see of Worcester to Aldred [q. v.], archbishop of York (, Conquest of England, pp. 580–1). He did not dedicate Westminster. He was present at the death of the Confessor, and expressed to Harold his disbelief in the king's visions (Vita Ædwardi, p. 431). Norman writers assert that he crowned Harold (, p. 121; p. 492; the Bayeux Tapestry, so also the author of the