Page:Dictionary of National Biography volume 54.djvu/122

 a translation of George Pearson's treatise on that subject. In 1808 he was appointed interpreter to the factory, and in January 1816 became chief of the factory. In July 1816, in conjunction with, earl Amherst [q. v.], and Sir (1777–1855) [q. v.], he was appointed a ‘king's commissioner of embassy’ to proceed to Pekin to make representations on the conduct of the mandarins towards the merchants at Canton. The exaction of the ceremony of the ‘Kotoo’ was, after much discussion, waived, chiefly through objections made by Staunton; but other complications arose, and the embassy returned to Canton in January 1817 without obtaining an interview with the emperor. This was only the second time that any party of Englishmen had been permitted to advance so far into the interior of China (, Journal of the late Embassy to China, 1817, pp. 38 et seq.).

In the same year Staunton returned to England, and did not again hold any public appointment, but his advice was often sought privately by the East India Company and by the government. As a ‘liberal tory’ he sat for the borough of St. Michael's in Cornwall from 1818 to 1826; for Heytesbury, Wiltshire, from 1830 to 1831; and for South Hampshire from 1832 to 1835. He unsuccessfully contested the last-named constituency in 1835 and 1837, and finally sat for Portsmouth from 1838 to 1852. In 1829 he gave evidence before a committee upon Chinese affairs, and in 1830 he became a member of the East India committee and a strong supporter of the East India Company. In the commons he was a frequent speaker on colonial subjects, and his opinions carried some weight.

In 1823 he co-operated with [q. v.] in founding the Royal Asiatic Society, and, as a commencement for the library, gave three thousand volumes of Chinese works. He became F.R.S. on 28 April 1803, and D.C.L. of Oxford in 1818.

He died, unmarried, at 17 Devonshire Street, Portland Place, London, on 10 Aug. 1859.

Staunton published: He translated from the Chinese ‘Ta Tsing leu lee, being the Fundamental Laws of China,’ 1810; this was the first book translated from Chinese into English, and is useful as a law-book. Staunton also translated from the Chinese the ‘Narrative of the Chinese Embassy to the Khan of the Tourgouth Tartars,’ by Too-le-Shin, 1821, and revised ‘The Life of Taou-Kwang,’ by C. F. A. Guetzlaff, 1852. 
 * 1) ‘Miscellaneous Notices relating to China and our Commercial Intercourse with that Country,’ 1822; 2nd edit., two parts, 1822–8; 3rd edit. 1850.
 * 2) ‘Memoirs of the Life and Family of the late Sir G. L. Staunton,’ 1823.
 * 3) ‘Notes of Proceedings and Occurrences during the British Embassy to Pekin,’ 1824.
 * 4) ‘The Lamentation of Sir G. Stan-Ching-quot, Mandarin of the Celestial Empire’ [i.e. Sir G. T. Staunton], in verse, 1834, 4to.
 * 5) ‘Remarks on the British Relations with China and the proposed Plan for removing them,’ 1836.
 * 6) ‘An Inquiry into the proper Mode of rendering the word God in translating the Sacred Scriptures into the Chinese Language,’ 1849.
 * 7) ‘Observations on our Chinese Commerce,’ 1850.
 * 8) ‘Memoir of Sir J. Barrow, Bart.,’ 1852. For the Hakluyt Society he edited ‘The History of the Great and Mighty Kingdom of China,’ by J. Gonzalez de Mendoza; reprinted from the translation of R. Parke, 1853.

STAUNTON, HERVEY (d. 1327), judge, was son of Sir William de Staunton of Staunton, Nottinghamshire, by Athelina, daughter and coheiress of John de Masters of Bosingham, Lincolnshire (, Nottinghamshire, i. 305). He seems to have held the living of Soham, Norfolk, as early as 1289: afterwards he held the livings of Thurston and Werbeton, and about 1306, on being ordained priest, received the living of East Derham (, Cal. Pap. Reg. ii. 19). In November 1300 there is mention of him as going to the court of Rome (Cat. Pat. Rolls, Edward I, 1292-1301, p. 556). He was a justice itinerant in Cornwall in 1302 and in Durham in I303. In the parliament of September 1305 he was a receiver of petitions from Ireland and Guernsey (Rolls of Parliament, i. 159), and on 20 April 1306 was appointed one of the judges of the common pleas. On the accession of Edward II, Staunton was reappointed to the common pleas, and is frequently mentioned In judicial commissions (Calendars of Close Rolls and Patent Rolls). On 28 Sept. 1314 he was appointed one of the barons of the exchequer, and on 22 June 1316 chancellor of the exchequer, but continued to act as a judge, and was regularly summoned to parliament with the other judges (Parl. Writs, ii. 1457). In 1323 he was made chief justice of the king's bench, and directed to discharge his duties