Page:Dictionary of National Biography volume 54.djvu/113

 win the king's favour, and was created a baronet on 28 July 1660. Subsequently he appears to have retired into private life in Sussex. He died in 1701, when the baronetcy became extinct. He married Mary (b. 1634), eldest daughter and coheiress of Sir Herbert Springett of Broyle Place, Ringwood, Sussex, by whom he had two sons, who predeceased him, and several daughters. His widow lived till 1708.

[Berry's County Genealogy—Sussex, p. 85; Sussex Archæological Collections, i. 36, iv. 300, v. 88–91, xvi. 78, 108–9, 113, 116, 119–20; Masson's Milton, iv. 13, 224, 354, 446, 501, 505, 523; Commons' Journals, i. 878, iii. 362, 401, 403, 616, vi. 146, vii. 37, 42, 303, viii. 61; Official List of Members of Parliament; Cal. of State Papers, Dom. 1639 to 1654 passim; Vicars's Jehovah-Jireh, pp. 234–40; Dallaway's Western Sussex, vol. i. pp. 14, 20, vol. II. pt. i. p. 28; Rushworth's Memorials, III. ii. 480; Nalson's Trial of Charles I; Noble's Lives of the Regicides, pp. 240–6; Horsfield's Sussex, ii. app. pp. 49, 55; Thurlow State Papers (Birch), passim; Macrae's Cal. of Clarendon State Papers, iii. 281, 312, 358, 374, 388–9, 405; Clarendon's Hist. of the Rebellion (Macrae), vi. 58–9, 63; Burke's Extinct Baronetage; P. C. C. 189 (Aylett); Registers of Patcham, Addit. MS. 5698, f. 118.]

 STARK, ADAM (1784–1867), antiquary, was born in Edinburgh on 24 Feb. 1784. In 1804, in connection with his cousin, John Stark, he became a printer, but the partnership was dissolved in 1810. In conjunction with J. Richardson he published the ‘Hull and Lincoln Chronicle’ for some time; it afterwards was known as the ‘Lincoln and Hull Chronicle.’ In 1810 he became a bookseller at Gainsborough, and continued that business until his retirement in 1844. He died at Gainsborough on 31 Dec. 1867, having married, first, Ann Trotter of Lincoln; secondly, Harriet, daughter of Henry Mozley of Gainsborough, and sister of Anne Mozley [q. v.], James Bowling Mozley [q. v.], and of Thomas Mozley [q. v.]; and, thirdly, Sarah Wooton of Newington, Kent. Stark was the author of: 1. ‘The History and Antiquities of Gainsborough, with a Topographical and Descriptive Account of Stow,’ 1817; another edit. 1841. 2. ‘An Account of the Parish of Lea, Lincolnshire,’ 1841. 3. ‘The Visitors' Pocket Guide to Gainsborough and its Neighbourhood,’ 1849. 4. ‘History of the Bishopric of Lincoln,’ 1852. 5. ‘Printing: its Antecedents, Origin, History, and Results,’ 1855.

[The Travellers' Library, No. 82 in vol. xxv.; Gent. Mag. 1868, ii. 250.]

 STARK, JAMES (1794–1859), landscape-painter, was the son of Michael Stark, a native of Scotland, who settled as a dyer in Norwich, where his son was born on 19 Nov. 1794. The boy showed an early fondness for drawing, and in 1811 was articled for three years to John Crome [q. v.], the landscape-painter, whose son, the younger Crome, had been his schoolfellow and companion. In the same year he sent five landscapes to the exhibition of the Norwich Society of Artists, of which he was elected a member in 1812. In 1811 also he exhibited for the first time in London, sending to the Royal Academy a ‘View on King-Street River, Norwich.’ In 1814 he came to London, and sent to the British Institution a ‘Village Scene near Norwich,’ and in 1815 ‘The Bathing Place: Morning.’ These were followed in 1817 by ‘Fishing,’ and in 1818 by ‘Penning the Flock’ and ‘Lambeth, looking towards Westminster Bridge,’ and he was awarded by the directors a premium of 50l. In 1817 he was admitted a student of the Royal Academy. He began to receive commissions from several leading connoisseurs, but before long he was compelled by illness to return home, and for three years he did no work. In 1830, after an absence of twelve years, he came back to London, and took up his residence in Chelsea, sending his works to the exhibitions of the Royal Academy and the Society of British Artists, and still more frequently to that of the British Institution. In 1834 was completed the ‘Scenery of the Rivers of Norfolk,’ engraved from Stark's pictures by Edward Goodall, William Miller, George Cooke, and others, with text by J. W. Robberds. The publication of this fine and costly work had been commenced in 1827, and the artist narrowly escaped serious pecuniary loss. About 1839 he removed to Windsor, where he painted many pictures of the scenery of the Thames, but in 1849 he returned again to London, for the sake of his son's education in art.

Stark's style was based on that of Crome, but it was much influenced by study of the Dutch masters. It was very truthful and thoroughly English, but it lacked the richness and power of his master. An exhibition of his works was held by the Norwich Art Circle in 1887. The National Gallery possesses his ‘Valley of the Yare, near Thorpe,’ of which there is an etching by Francis S. Walker, and the National Gallery of Scotland a view in ‘Gowbarrow Park.’ Three views at Hastings, a distant view of Windsor, and two other landscapes are in the Sheepshanks collection in the South Kensington Museum, and a ‘Landscape with