Page:Dictionary of National Biography volume 53.djvu/448

 marine algæ. He was one of the early fellows of the Linnean Society, being elected in 1795.

Stackhouse died at his house at Edgar Buildings, Bath, on 22 Nov. 1819. On 21 April 1773 he married Susanna, only daughter and heir of Edward Acton of Acton Scott, Shropshire, by whom he had four sons and three daughters. The eldest son, John, died young. The second, Edward William, assumed the surname of Pendarves in 1815. The third son, Thomas Pendarves, succeeded to the estate of Acton Scott, and assumed the additional surname of Acton in 1834. There is a lithographic portrait of Stackhouse in his ‘Illustrationes Theophrasti’ (1811), which was reissued in a smaller form in his edition of ‘Theophrastus’ (1813); and his name was commemorated by Sir [q. v.] in the Australian terebinthaceous genus Stackhousia.

Stackhouse's chief works were: ‘Nereis Britannica,’ ‘Illustrationes Theophrasti,’ and his edition of Theophrastus's ‘Historia Plantarum.’ The ‘Nereis Britannica,’ which was issued in parts, deals mainly with the sea-wracks or fuci, and was based on his own researches, together with those of his friends, Thomas Jenkinson Woodward, Dawson Turner, Dr. Samuel Goodenough (afterwards bishop of Carlisle), Lilly Wigg, John Pitchford, and Colonel Thomas Velley, and the herbaria of Dillenius, Bobart, and Linnæus. The complete work, which was published in folio at Bath, with Latin and English text and twelve coloured plates by the author, appeared in 1795. An enlarged edition, with twenty-four coloured plates, was published at Bath in 1801, in folio; and another at Oxford in 1816, in quarto, with Latin text only and twenty plates. The ‘Illustrationes Theophrasti in usum Botanicorum præcipue peregrinantium,’ Oxford, 1811, 8vo, contains a lexicon and three catalogues giving the Linnæan names of the plants mentioned. The edition of ‘Theophrasti Eresii de Historia Plantarum libri decem,’ ‘perhaps the most unsatisfactory’ ever published (, Guide to the Literature of Botany, p. 22), in 2 vols. 8vo, 1813 and 1814, contains the Greek text, Latin notes, a glossary and Greek-Latin and Latin-Greek catalogues of the plants. From this Stackhouse reprinted in a separate form ‘De Libanoto, Smyrna, et Balsamo Theophrasti Notitiæ,’ with prefatory ‘Extracts’ from Bruce's ‘Travels in Abyssinia,’ Bath, 1815, 8vo. Two papers by Stackhouse were published in the ‘Transactions of the Linnean Society’ (vols. iii. and v.), dated 1795 and 1798, two in the ‘Classical Journal,’ dated 1815 and 1816 (xi. 154–5, xiii. 445–8, xiv. 289–93), and one, entitled ‘Tentamen Marino-cryptogamicum,’ and dated Bath, 1807, in the ‘Mémoires de la Société des Naturalistes’ of Moscow, of which society he was a fellow (1809, ii. 50–97). Stackhouse also contributed a translation in English verse to the second edition of the Abbate Alberto Fortis's ‘Dei Cataclismi sofferti dal nostro pianeta, saggio poetico’ (London, 1786), and he made several contributions to Coxe's ‘Life of Stillingfleet.’



STACKHOUSE, THOMAS (1677–1752), theologian, son of John Stackhouse (d. 1734), ultimately rector of Boldon, co. Durham, and uncle of [q. v.], was born at Witton-le-Wear in that county (where his father was then curate) in 1677. On 3 April 1694 he was entered at St. John's College, Cambridge, but the designation of ‘M.A.’ which appears on the title-pages of some of his works does not seem to represent a degree derived from an English university. It was possibly obtained, as the tradition in his family runs, during his residence abroad. From 1701 to 1704 he was headmaster of Hexham grammar school, and on 28 Dec. 1704 he was ordained priest in London. He then became curate of Shepperton in Middlesex, and from 1713 was minister of the English church at Amsterdam. In 1731 he was curate of Finchley.

For some time Stackhouse lived in poverty, and in 1722, under the designation of ‘A Clergyman of the Church of England,’ addressed a printed letter to Bishop (1650–1723) [q. v.] exposing the ‘miseries and great hardships of the inferiour clergy in and about London.’ It was reissued, and the later editions bore his name on the title-page. In 1732, while engaged on his great ‘History of the Bible,’ he issued a pamphlet (now very scarce) called ‘Bookbinder, Bookprinter, and Bookseller confuted; or Author's Vindication of himself,’ which related his troubles with two booksellers. From a condition of extreme distress he was rescued by his appointment in the summer of 1733 to the vicarage of Benham, or Beenham, Valence, in Berkshire. In 1737, when he had a house in Theobald's Court, London, he acknowledged that he owed to [q. v.], bishop of