Page:Dictionary of National Biography volume 51.djvu/434

 minutes he would read off a difficult cryptogram. In the autumn of 1838 appeared his ‘History of Egypt under the Ptolemies;’ in 1842 his ‘History of Egypt under the Romans;’ these were incorporated with the ‘Early History’ in ‘The History of Egypt,’ 1846. Other publications followed in the same line of research, but on these his reputation as an Egyptologist must rest. The pains and skill of his workmanship are unquestioned; but he worked very much on his own lines, and on many points his conclusions have not won acceptance. He said of himself, ‘I am a heretic in everything, even among unitarians.’

Sharpe's labours as a translator of the Bible began with a revision (1840) of the authorised version of the New Testament. His Greek text was that of Griesbach, and to this he always adhered, taking little interest in the progress of purely textual studies. His revision of the authorised version of the Old Testament was first issued in 1865. In eight editions of his New Testament, and four of his Old, he devoted incessant and minute care to the improvement of his work. As a translator he was distinguished less by originality of scholarship than by excellence of judgment; he is successful beyond others in the difficult experiment of removing the archaisms without impairing the venerable dignity of the English Bible. Among the last advocates of unpointed Hebrew, he published manuals for instruction in this system; his plan of printing his Hebrew extracts with capital letters, for the proper names and the beginnings of sentences, seems unique, and convenient for the learner. His ‘History of the Hebrew Nation and its Literature,’ 1869, and his exegetical works have merits akin to those of his Egyptian studies, and bear the same individual stamp. When, in 1870, the project of a revised version was undertaken by the convocation of Canterbury, Sharpe was one of four scholars of his denomination invited to select a member of their body to co-operate with the New Testament company.

In purely theological controversy he took little part, though he was a zealous propagandist in directions tending in his judgment to promote the union of knowledge and piety. His various benefactions to University College and School, London, considerably exceeded 15,000l. To his own denomination he was an unobtrusive and munificent benefactor. For its weekly organ, ‘The Inquirer,’ founded in 1842 by Edward Hill, he wrote constantly for some years, though he thought newspaper writing ‘a bad employment.’ He resumed it, however, in 1876 when the ‘Christian Life’ was started by his friend Robert Spears, writing a weekly article till his death. He had contributed papers, chiefly biblical, to the ‘Christian Reformer’ (1834–63) with the signature ‘S. S.,’ and to many minor periodicals. He was a trustee of Dr. Daniel Williams's foundations, 1853–1857; president of the British and Foreign Unitarian Association in 1869–70, and president of Manchester College (now at Oxford) in 1876–8.

Simple in his habits, plain in his tastes, methodical in all his ways, quaint and terse in conversation, uniformly gentle in his demeanour, Sharpe spent his later days in tranquil retirement. His house was the resort of his literary friends, and of younger men whom he delighted to imbue with his own enthusiasm for his favourite pursuits. He died at 32 Highbury Place on 28 July 1881, and was buried at Abney Park cemetery on 3 Aug. He married (1827) his first cousin Sarah (b. 1796, d. 3 June 1851), daughter of Joseph Sharpe, and had six children, of whom two daughters survived him.

He published, besides a few doctrinal tracts:  ‘The Early History of Egypt,’ 1836, 4to.  ‘Egyptian Inscriptions,’ 1837, fol.; part ii. 1841, fol.; 2nd ser. 1855, fol.  ‘Rudiments of a Vocabulary of Egyptian Hieroglyphics,’ 1837, 4to.  ‘The History of Egypt under the Ptolemies,’ 1838, 4to.  ‘The New Testament, translated,’ 1840, 12mo; 8th edit. 1881, 8vo.  ‘The History of Egypt under the Romans,’ 1842, 8vo.  ‘Notes on the Hieroglyphics of Horapello Nilous,’ 1845 (Syro-Egyptian Society).  ‘The History of Egypt from the earliest Times till A.D. 640,’ 1846, 8vo; 6th edit. 1876, 8vo, 2 vols.; in German from the 3rd edit. (1852) by Jolowicz, revised by Von Gutschmid, Leipzig, 1862, 8vo, 2 vols.  ‘The Chronology and Geography of Ancient Egypt,’ 1849, 8vo (in co-operation with, the younger [q. v.]).  ‘Fragments of Orations in Accusation and Defence of Demosthenes … translated,’ 1849, 8vo.  ‘Sketch of Assyrian History,’ in Bonomi's ‘Nineveh and its Palaces,’ 2nd edit. 1853, 8vo.  ‘The Triple Mummy Case of Aro-eri Ao,’ 1858.  ‘Historical Notice of the Monuments of Egypt’ in Owen Jones and Bonomi's ‘Description of the Egyptian Court in the Crystal Palace,’ 1854, 8vo.  ‘Historic Notes on the … Old and New Testaments,’ 1854, 12mo; 3rd edit. 1858, 8vo. <li> ‘Critical Notes on the … New Testament,’ 1856, 8vo; 1867, 8vo. <li> ‘Alexandrian Chronology,’ 1857, 4to. </li></ol>