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 with Bismarck, and highly esteemed by the royal family of Prussia. His political prepossessions were fortunately in tune with his diplomatic situation. He was an honest admirer of Germany and an earnest advocate of a cordial understanding, or even alliance, between Germany and England; and nothing surprised or vexed him more than the lack of sympathy with Germany, and want of interest in German politics and literature, common among Englishmen. The Berlin congress took place during his embassy; at it he held full powers, as third plenipotentiary, with Lords Beaconsfield and Salisbury, and proved an observant and valuable counsellor. At the subsequent conference upon the delimitation of the Greek frontier he was the sole English representative, and took a more prominent part. In the delicate art of removing misconceptions and causes of friction, and encouraging a friendly understanding between the English and German governments, his tact and sincerity achieved notable success.

In spite of a certain shy modesty, he was an excellent causeur, as well as a wide reader; while as a tenor singer he stood much above the rank of the amateur. He delighted in the society of learned men, and Ranke, Helmholtz, Brandis, Gneist, Virchow, and others were among his friends. When the Empress Augusta visited England, she asked Lord Odo Russell which authors she ought to see, and he unhesitatingly submitted the names of Carlyle and ‘George Eliot.’ The result was Carlyle's summons to an audience, which formed one of the steps which led to his receiving the ordre pour le mérite. In 1874 Odo Russell received a patent of precedence as son of a duke, on his brother's succession to the dukedom of Bedford, and, after the congress of Berlin, Lord Beaconsfield offered him a peerage. He preferred, however, to receive it from the liberal party, to which he had always belonged, and on 7 March 1881 he was created Baron Ampthill of Ampthill in Bedfordshire. He had been called to the privy council in 1872, given the grand cross of the Bath in 1874, and the grand cross of St. Michael and St. George in 1879. He died, after a short illness, at the summer villa which he always occupied at Potsdam, on 25 Aug. 1884, and was buried on 2 Sept. in the Russell vault at St. Michael's Church, Chenies, Buckinghamshire. In 1868 he married Lady Emily Theresa Villiers, third daughter of the Earl of Clarendon, by whom he left four sons and two daughters; the eldest son, Arthur Oliver Villiers Russell, succeeded to the title. A portrait of Lord Odo Russell by Wieder is at Ampthill Park, and another by Werner at Stratford Place; the ambassador also appears in Werner's picture of the Berlin congress at the Rathhaus, Berlin.

[Foreign Office List, 1884; Times, 26 Aug. and 3 Sept. 1884; Deutsche Revue, April 1888; private information.] 

RUSSELL, PATRICK (1629–1692), archbishop of Dublin, son of James Russell of Rush, co. Dublin, was born in that parish in 1629. It is probable that he was educated for the priesthood and held preferment abroad prior to his election as archbishop of Dublin on 2 Aug. 1683. The first two years of his archiepiscopate were full of danger. He was frequently obliged to retire to Rush and seek concealment in the house of his kinsman, Geoffrey Russell. In 1685, however, the accession of James II was followed by a suspension of the penal laws. Russell seized the opportunity of restoring the discipline of the church. For this purpose he convened two provincial assemblies in 1685 and 1688, and three diocesan synods in 1686, 1688, and 1689. He signed the petition presented to James by the catholic bishops of Ireland on 21 July 1685, praying him to confer on Tyrconnel authority to protect them in the exercise of their ministry, and took an active part in appointing delegates to suggest to the king the best methods for securing religious liberty. James granted him a pension of 200l. a year.

During James's residence in Ireland Russell was in personal attendance on him, and performed the services of the church in the royal presence. On the flight of James he lay concealed for some time in the country, but was ultimately captured and imprisoned. He was temporarily released on bail, but again arrested, and, it is said, thrown into an underground cell. He succumbed to these hardships, and died in prison on 14 July 1692. He was buried in the churchyard at Lusk.

[Renehan's Collections on Irish Church Hist. i. 229; D'Alton's Archbishops of Dublin, p. 446; Moran's Spicilegium Ossoriense, ii. 271, 280, 295.] 

RUSSELL, PATRICK (1727–1805), physician and naturalist, fifth son of John Russell of Braidshaw, Midlothian, by his third wife, and half-brother of Alexander Russell (1715?–1768) [q. v.], was born in Edinburgh on 6 Feb. 1726–7, and graduated M.D., doubtless in his native city. In 1750 he joined his brother Alexander at Aleppo, and in 1753 succeeded him as physician to the