Page:Dictionary of National Biography volume 49.djvu/215

 Association on ‘The relative Age and true Position of the Millstone Grit and Shale’ (Reports, 1844, p. 51). He was also instrumental in promoting the Wigton agricultural show. He died on 26 April 1856, and was buried in Wigton cemetery. His portrait was painted both by Haydon and Cocken. A photograph from the latter's painting is in Lonsdale's ‘Worthies of Cumberland.’

Rooke published:
 * 1) ‘Remarks on the Nature and Operation of Money. By Cumbriensis,’ London, 1819, 8vo.
 * 2) ‘An Essay on the National Debt, showing the Use and Abuse of the Funding System,’ 1822.
 * 3) ‘An Enquiry into the Principles of National Wealth, illustrated by the Political Economy of the British Empire,’ Edinburgh, 1824, 8vo; this work was based upon articles contributed to the ‘Farmer's Journal’ in 1814 and subsequent years.
 * 4) ‘Free Trade in Corn the real Interest of the Landlord and the True Policy of the State,’ 1828.
 * 5) ‘Free and Safe Government traced from the Origin and Principles of the British Constitution,’ London, 1835, 8vo.
 * 6) ‘Geology as a Science applied to the Reclamation of Land from the Sea,’ London, 1838, 12mo; 2nd edit., 1840, with an additional chapter entitled ‘A Dissertation on Geology.’



ROOKE, LAWRENCE (1622–1662), astronomer, born at Deptford on 13 March 1621–2, was eldest son of George Rooke of Monkshorton, Kent, by his wife Mary, daughter of William Burrell of Poplar, Middlesex, and niece of [q. v.], bishop of Winchester. Sir William Rooke (1624–1691), father of Sir [q. v.] the admiral, was Lawrence's younger brother. He was educated at Eton, and admitted scholar of King's College, Cambridge, on 19 June 1640, and fellow 19 June 1643. He must be distinguished from the Laurence Rooke who was admitted scholar of Gonville and Caius College on 11 Feb. 1635–6 (, Admissions, pp. 192, 215). After graduating M.A. in 1647, he retired to his estate in Kent. A student of experimental philosophy, he repaired in 1650, as a fellow-commoner, to Wadham College, Oxford, with two pupils, in order to benefit by intercourse with Dr. Wilkins, warden, and Dr. [q. v.], professor of astronomy (, Reg. of Wadham, p. 191). He remained in Oxford several years, assisting Robert Boyle in his ‘chymical operations,’ and attended those meetings of ‘learned and curious gentlemen’ in Dr. Wilkins's rooms which proved the beginnings of the Royal Society. In 1652 Rooke was appointed professor of astronomy at Gresham College, London; he exchanged the chair in 1657 for that of geometry, which he held till his death. He lectured on Oughtred's ‘Clavis’ (ch. vi.), ‘which enables us to form an idea of the extent of mathematics then usually known’ (, History of Mathematics at Cambridge, p. 39). Many of his Oxford associates came to London in 1658 and attended his lectures, afterwards holding discussions in his apartment. Their meetings were interrupted by the quartering of soldiers on the college; but after the Restoration Rooke and his friends inaugurated the Royal Society, to the advancement of which Rooke devoted much zeal and energy as well as more material assistance (, Hist. of Royal Soc. vol. i. passim).

Rooke, who was through life a valetudinarian, died at Gresham College, from a malignant internal fever, on the very night (26–7 June 1662) he had expected to make the last of a series of observations on Jupiter's satellites. He had caught cold by overheating himself while walking home from the seat of his learned patron, the Marquis of Dorchester, at Highgate. He made a nuncupatory will, leaving his possessions and manuscripts to Dr. Ward (lately made bishop of Exeter). He was buried at St. Martin's Outwich, near Gresham College, his funeral being attended by most of the fellows of the Royal Society. Bishop Ward presented to the Royal Society a curious pendulum clock, with an inscription in which Rooke is said to have been ‘vir omni literarum genere instructissimus’ (cf., Ward, pp. 126, 127). Rooke married Barbara, daughter of Sir Peter Heyman of Somerfield, Kent. By her he had four daughters and five sons, of whom Heyman Rooke, born in February 1653, became a major-general, and died on 9 Jan. 1724–5. His son James married Lady Mary Tudor.

According to Walter Pope, Rooke was ‘the greatest man in England for solid learning,’ and was ‘profoundly skilled in all sorts of learning, not excepting botanics and music, and the abstrusest points of divinity,’ though astronomy was his favourite study. Barrow, in a Latin oration delivered on his succeeding Rooke as Gresham professor of geometry, eulogised his industry and judgment (Collected Works, 1683–7, iv. 93).

His published writings are:
 * 1) ‘Observationes in Cometam qui mense Decembri anno 1652 apparuit,’ published in Dr. Seth Ward's ‘Prælectio de Cometis,’ Oxf. 1653.
 * 2) ‘On the Effect of Radiant Heat on the Height of Oil in a Long Tube’ (‘Registers