Page:Dictionary of National Biography volume 48.djvu/88

 field in 1835 was conducted on principles which show that he anticipated later theories of education. The school, which accommodated fifty boys and fifty girls, was surrounded with four acres of land, upon which the pupils were taught manual labour and the science of agriculture. Workshops and workrooms adjoined, and there the boys were taught to handle tools and the girls had lessons in domestic work. The establishment was maintained by private subscription and the sale of produce.

Rham died at Winkfield on 31 Oct. 1843.

 RHEAD, ALEXANDER (1586?–1641), anatomist and surgeon. [See ]

 RHEES, MORGAN JOHN (1760–1804), divine, was born in Glamorganshire on 8 Dec. 1760. Although his parents were in humble circumstances, he was well educated, and became a teacher. Joining the baptist church, he determined to be a minister, and, after studying at a baptist college at Bristol, was appointed to the charge of the baptist chapel at Peny-garn, Monmouthshire. While there he gained an equal notoriety as a preacher and politician, and so keenly did he sympathise with revolutionary opinions that on the outbreak of the French revolution in 1789 he resigned his charge and went to Paris. In a few months he was again in Wales, disappointed with the French revolutionary leaders, but more zealous than ever in upholding his own political opinions. About the beginning of 1790 he founded the quarterly ‘Welsh Treasury,’ through which he attacked the English ministry, and became one of the most notorious political leaders in Wales. By-and-by he was threatened with prosecution, and, after consultation with his friends, he resolved to go to America and there find a suitable situation for the founding of a colony of Welsh malcontents. He landed in February 1794, and was received by Dr. Rodgers, provost of the university of Pennsylvania.

He travelled over the southern and western states, preaching as he went, and, after engaging in ministerial work for two years in Philadelphia, he purchased a large tract of land in Pennsylvania, to which he gave the name Cambria, and upon it founded a town called Beulah. Here he settled in 1798, opened a church, and attracted Welsh immigrants. But American conditions failed to kindle his political enthusiasm, and his fame there is solely owing to his powers as a preacher. Shortly before his death he removed to Somerset, Somerset county, where he died, 17 Sept. 1804. He was survived by a widow, the daughter of Colonel Benjamin Loxley of Philadelphia, and five children. He wrote some hymns in Welsh, but few of them have been translated. Shortly before his death he published in America a selection of his ‘Orations and Discourses.’

 RHESE. [See Rees, Rhys, Rice.]

 RHIND, ALEXANDER HENRY (1833–1863), antiquary, was born on 26 July 1833 at Wick, Caithness-shire, where his father, Josiah Rhind (d. 1858) of Sibster, Caithness, was a banker. He was educated at Pulteneytown, Caithness, and at Edinburgh University, where he was a student in 1848–50. He was mainly interested in natural history, physics, and Scottish history and antiquities. He began thus early to study the Picts' houses and cairns of his native district, superintending in 1851 the opening and examination of various tumuli in the neighbourhood of Wick. Later in the year he spent several months on the continent, where he visited antiquarian museums in Italy, Austria, Switzerland, Prussia, Holland, and Denmark.

In 1852 Rhind sent rubbings of a slab at Ulbster, Caithness, to Dr. John Stuart, of the Society of Antiquaries, Edinburgh, and he was soon elected a fellow of the society. In 1854 he presented to the society the osteological remains from a Pict's house at Kettleburn near Wick (Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, i. 264), and suggested to the Crystal Palace Company, London, the erection in Sydenham grounds of models of early British remains. In 1855 he proposed to Lord Duncan, a lord of the treasury, that ‘all primæval vestiges should be carefully laid down on the ordnance map of Scotland,’ in order to furnish an index for archæological inquiries. Troublesome pulmonary symptoms had now asserted themselves, and Rhind relinquished his intention of studying for the Scottish bar. Thenceforth his health was his foremost consideration. In 1853–4 he wintered at Clifton, near Bristol, in 1854–5 at Ventnor, Isle of Wight, and in 1855–6 and 1856–7 in Egypt, where he made important investigations of the tombs at Thebes. Malaga, the north of Africa, the south of France, Italy (where in 1859 he studied Etruscan antiquities at Rome) were visited between 1858 and 1862. Wherever he was he made all