Page:Dictionary of National Biography volume 48.djvu/59

 Diagnosis of Diseases of the Brain;’ in 1861 a treatise on epilepsy; in 1871 ‘Lectures on the Clinical Uses of Electricity;’ in 1872 ‘The Scientific Value of the Legal Tests of Insanity;’ besides many papers in medical periodicals and the transactions of medical societies, and several addresses to medical associations. His writings on nervous diseases were useful contributions to a department of medicine in which much work remained undone, but in the flood of modern observations they have been submerged. He will chiefly be remembered among physicians as the editor of the ‘System of Medicine,’ in five volumes, published from 1866 to 1879, a collection of essays on diseases, written by the most competent men who could be induced to write—compositions of varying merit, but generally of high value. He himself wrote the parts on erysipelas, on inflammation of the lymphatics, and on several forms of nervous disease. He published in 1893 a ‘Life of Dr. Walter Hayle Walshe.’ Reynolds was a tall man, with dark hair, with a dignified delivery and some oratorical power.



REYNOLDS, JOHN STUCKEY (1791–1874), founder of the Home and Colonial Training Colleges in London, born on 13 Sept. 1791, was the son of John and Ann Reynolds of Manchester. His father later held the office of comptrolling surveyor of the port of London. His mother belonged to the family of Stuckeys, her brother, Vincent Stuckey, being a banker at Langport in Somerset. Reynolds was educated at the Langport grammar school, but when fourteen years old secured an appointment in the audit office in London. In 1806 he was passed on to the treasury, where he was quickly promoted and received a series of special votes of thanks from the lords of the treasury, and in 1815 a grant of money. He became private secretary to three successive secretaries of the treasury. In 1822–3 he was secretary to the Irish revenue commission, and rendered great service in reconstituting the fiscal system. Later on he was one of the heads of the commissariat department. In 1834 his health broke down through over-work, and in March 1835 he retired from the public service. From 1835 to 1837 he was in the employment of the London Joint Stock Bank, which his uncle Stuckey had raised to a commanding position.

Throughout his career Reynolds studied political economy and the currency. On these subjects he wrote much, signed and anonymous, including ‘Practical Observations on Mr. Ricardo's Principles of Political Economy and Taxation,’ n.d.

After retiring from the bank in 1837 he began to interest himself in philanthropy, working in St. Giles's parish, and actively aiding in organising foreign missions. In 1823 he established an infant school in Fulham. He was one of the first supporters of the London City Mission and of the ‘Record’ newspaper. He established infant schools in various parts of London, and stimulated their formation in different parts of England. He thus came into contact with (1792–1846) [q. v.], and his sister  [q. v.], the earliest English advocates of Pestalozzi's system of education.

In May 1836 Reynolds, with John Bridges, founded in Southampton Street, Holborn, an institution to train teachers in Pestalozzian principles. It was called the Home and Colonial School Society, and opened with three students. But it quickly grew, and in 1837 it was removed to Gray's Inn Road, where one of the practising schools was called after him. Subsequently it was divided into two—a secondary and an elementary branch—the former being located at Highbury and the latter at Wood Green. Reynolds died in 1874. In 1819 he married Mary Anne, second daughter of Robert Bagehot of Langport.

A high-relief medallion of Reynolds was executed by Mr. J. Scarlett Potter. A copy is at the Home and Colonial Training College at Highbury; it was engraved in Cassell's ‘Household Guide’ in 1870.



REYNOLDS, JOSHUA  (1723–1792), portrait-painter, was born at Plympton-Earl's, Devonshire, on 16 July 1723, the seventh child of the Rev. Samuel Reynolds, master of the grammar school there, and Theophila, his wife. His christian name is wrongly entered as Joseph in the parish register. On both sides the family was clerical and scholarly. His father's father was the Rev. John Reynolds (the son of Joshua Reynolds), who was prebendary of Exeter, and died in 1692, and his mother's father was Matthew Potter, the curate and chaplain of her grandfather, the Rev. Thomas Baker, the vicar of Bishops-Nympton, near South Molton, Devonshire, and a distinguished mathematician [see, 1625?–1689]. Samuel's brother Joshua (the uncle and godfather of Sir Joshua) was elected fellow of Corpus Christi College, Oxford,