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 said they were often asked after, of familiar letters on the useful concerns in common life’ (Correspondence, 1804, vol. i. p. lxxiii). This was the origin of ‘Pamela,’ commenced 10 Nov. 1739, and issued with the names of the two publishers on the title-page in 1741–1742.

Rivington died at his house in St. Paul's Churchyard on 22 Feb. 1742, aged 64. He married Eleanor Pease of Newcastle-on-Tyne, by whom he had thirteen children. Samuel Richardson acted as executor, and guardian to the children. The fourth son, John [q. v.], and the sixth son, James (see below), succeeded to the business.

(1724–1803), the sixth son, soon left the firm and joined a Mr. Fletcher of St. Paul's Churchyard, with whom he brought out Smollett's ‘History of England,’ clearing thereby 10,000l. He took to horse-racing, and in 1760 settled as a bookseller in Philadelphia. The following year he opened a book store at the lower end of Wall Street, New York. In 1762 he commenced bookselling in Boston. He failed, and recommenced in New York, and in April 1773 began ‘Rivington's New York Gazetteer,’ supporting the British government, which brought him into trouble with the colonists. He returned to England, purchased a new press, was appointed, on going back to America, king's printer for New York, and started ‘Rivington's New York Loyal Gazette’ (1777), afterwards the ‘Royal Gazette.’ He was the publisher of Major André's ‘Cow Chase.’ About 1781 he is said to have turned spy, and to have furnished Washington with important information. He remained in New York after the evacuation by British troops, and changed the title of his paper to ‘Rivington's New York Gazette and Universal Advertiser;’ but his business declined, his paper came to an end in 1783, and he passed the remainder of his life in comparative poverty. He died at New York in January 1803. He married twice: first, a Miss Mynshull in England, and, secondly, Elisabeth van Horne of New York (d. July 1795), by whom he had children. A portrait, which has been engraved, is in the possession of Mr. W. H. Appleton of New York.

[S. Rivington's Publishing House of Rivington, 1894; Curwen's Hist. of Booksellers, 1873, pp. 296–300; Knight's Shadows of the Old Booksellers; Gent. Mag. 1742, p. 107; Timperley's Encyclopædia, 1842, p. 668; Nichols's Lit. Anecd. vols. i., ii., iv., viii.; and for James Rivington: Appleton's Cyclopædia of American Biogr., New York, 1888, v. 267–8; Thomas's Hist. of Printing in America, 1874, 2 vols.; Duyckinck's Cyclopædia of American Literature, vol. i.; Sabine's American Loyalists, Boston, 1857, pp. 557–60.] 

RIVINGTON, FRANCIS (1805–1885), publisher, third son of Charles Rivington the younger (1754–1831), was born on 19 Jan. 1805 [see under, (1720–1792)]. Having been educated at Bremen in Germany, he became in 1827 a member of the firm of Rivington, of St. Paul's Churchyard and Waterloo Place, London. As connected with the publication of ‘Tracts for the Times’ (Rev., Reminiscences, i. 312) and Newman's ‘Parochial Sermons,’ and as publisher of the ‘British Critic,’ he was associated with Ward, Newman, the Mozleys, and other leading members of the Tractarian party (ib. ii. 217, 394–6; , W. G. Ward and the Oxford Movement, 1890, p. 247; Rev. , Letters, 1885, pp. 109, 146–8; , Life of Pusey, 1893, i. 423–424). In 1853 the business was entirely withdrawn from St. Paul's Churchyard to the branch in Waterloo Place. Rivington retired from the firm in July 1859, and was succeeded by his second cousin, John (1812–1886), a partner since 1842, and his son, Francis Hansard (b. 1834). The former retired in 1867, and the business was carried on by the latter and his brother Septimus (b. 1846) until May 1889. From this date Francis Hansard was the sole member of the firm to June 1890, when the whole business was taken over by Messrs. Longman (Bookseller, December 1859 and June 1890). In 1893 the name reappeared in the style of Rivington, Percival & Co., of King Street, Covent Garden, of which Mr. Septimus Rivington is the chief partner (Publishers' Circular, 1 July 1893; Athenæum, 1 July 1893).

During the latter part of his life he resided at Eastbourne, where he died on 7 Jan. 1885, on the eve of completing his eightieth year. Rivington was twice married, and left a large family. A portrait, taken in his fifty-ninth year, is reproduced by S. Rivington (The Publishing House of Rivington, 1894, p. 32, see also pp. 46–54). Besides a few pamphlets on church subjects, he wrote ‘Some Account of the Life and Writings of St. Paul,’ London, 1874, 8vo; and edited Dean William Sherlock's ‘Practical Discourse concerning Death.’

[Bookseller, January 1885; Publishers' Circular, 15 Jan. 1885.] 

RIVINGTON, JOHN (1720–1792), publisher, born in 1720, was the fourth son of Charles Rivington the elder (1688–1742) [q. v.], and after the death of his father