Page:Dictionary of National Biography volume 48.djvu/208

 Nat. 7030 there is a tract ‘De Urinis’ attributed to Richard which begins ‘Quum secundum Avicennam viginti sint colores urine,’ which, however, is no doubt by Walter Agilon. In Cambr. Univ. Libr. MS. Ii. i. 17, there is a third tract beginning ‘Præsentium Corporis.’ 8. ‘Repressiva,’ MS. Univ. Libr. Cambr. Ee. ii. 20, f. 24, inc. ‘Laxativa solent,’ Gonville and Caius Coll. MS. 95. This is no doubt the part of the ‘Micrologus’ which treats of purging medicines, as indicated by Richard in his prologue to that work (Hist. Litt. xxi. 383). In Balliol Coll. MS. 285, f. 226, there is ‘Liber Ricardi de Laxativis,’ inc. ‘Dupplici causa me cogente.’ 9. ‘Tabulæ cum commentario Joannis de Sancto Paulo,’ MS. St. Peter's Coll. 218. 10. ‘Liber Ricardi,’ MS. Gonville and Caius (, I. iii. 120). In verse, inc. ‘Adsit principio sancta Maria meo;’ a few lines are printed by M. Littré. It is likely enough by Richard, who shows a taste for versifying in his other works. But at the end the author is called Ricardinus; this suggests that the author was Richard of Bloxham, author of the ‘Knowyng of Medicynes after Richardyne’ in Ashmole MS. 1498. 11. ‘Practica sive Medicamenti Ricardi,’ MS. Bibl. de l'Arsenal 73, inc. ‘Caritatis studio et brevitatis causa.’ In Cambr. Univ. Libr. MSS. Ee. ii. 20 and Ii i. 17, there is a ‘Practica Ricardi’ beginning ‘Habemus ab antiquis.’ St. Peter's College, Cambridge, MS. 218, contains, under the name of ‘Ricardus Anglicus,’ besides Nos. 9, 6, 5, 4, and the treatise ‘De Crisi’ already named, the following three, 12. ‘Quæstiones Coll. Salernitani de Coloribus.’ 13. ‘Consilia Medica,’ and 14. ‘De Naturali Philosophia.’ In MS. Magd. Coll. Oxon. 145, f. 46 b there is 15. ‘De Ornatu libellus secundum magistrum Ricardum,’ which may be by Richard the physician.

[Matthew Paris; Newcourt's Repertorium; Dugdale's Hist. of St. Paul's; Tanner's Bibl. Brit.-Hib. 624; Simpson's Documents illustrating Hist. of St. Paul's (Camden Soc.); Hist. MSS. Comm. 9th Rep. App.; Histoire Littéraire de la France, xxi. 383–93, art. by M. Littré; Coxe's Cat. MSS. in Coll. Aulisque Oxon.; Catalogue of MSS. in Cambr. University Library; Bernard's Catalogus MSS. Angliæ.] 

RICHARD (1197?–1253), bishop of Chichester and saint, derived his name from Droitwich in Worcestershire, where he was born about 1197 ( in Acta SS. April, i. 307). He was a son of well-to-do parents, Richard and Alice, but his father died when he was young, and the family fell into poverty. Capgrave (Acta SS. April i. 279), his later biographer, writing in the fifteenth century, tells picturesque stories of how Richard laboured on his elder brother's land so zealously that he repaired the broken fortunes of the family. However that may be, it is certain that his brother offered to resign his estates to him, and proposed that he should marry a certain noble lady (, p. 286;, p. 279). Richard refused both proposals and went to Oxford as a poor scholar. There he lived very simply. He and two companions had but one tunic and one hooded gown in common in which they attended lectures by turns (ib. p. 279). Logic he specially studied (, p. 286). As master of arts he taught with great success. Finally he became doctor of canon law, and by common consent of the university was made chancellor (ib. p. 287). Capgrave (p. 279) says that before he was made chancellor he went first to Paris to study logic, returned to Oxford to take the degree of M.A., and thence went to Bologna to work at canon law, wherein he won great reputation there. He tells also that when he was on the point of leaving Bologna his tutor offered him his daughter in marriage, but he shrank from the offer, for marriage had no place in his austere scheme of life. According to Capgrave, it was only now, on his return to England, that he was made chancellor of Oxford university. His fame as a scholar and saint was so great that both Edmund Rich [q. v.], now primate, and the learned Robert Grosseteste [q. v.], bishop of Lincoln, wished to secure him as chancellor of their respective dioceses (, p. 279). Finally Richard became chancellor of Canterbury (, p. 287), and the faithful friend and follower of Edmund. Bocking compares the two holy men to ‘two cherubim in glory’ (p. 287). It was after consultation with Richard, if not actually at his suggestion, that Edmund made his stand against the king on the subject of vacant sees. When Edmund retired to Pontigny, Richard went with him, and, when Edmund's failing health compelled him to seek a warmer climate, they removed together to Soissy. There Edmund died. Richard always remained faithful to his memory, and supplied Matthew Paris with the material for his biography (Hist. Major, v. 369). In 1249 he attended St. Edmund's translation at Pontigny, and wrote an account of it in a letter published by Matthew Paris (ib. v. 76, 192, vi. 128). Richard had no heart to return to England, but went to Orleans and studied theology in a Dominican house (, p. 287). He was ordained priest there, and henceforth increased the rigour of his asceticism. He founded a chapel in