Page:Dictionary of National Biography volume 48.djvu/192

 bury's men in the rebellion of 1088, and was one of the leaders of the force which threatened Worcester, and was repulsed by the curse of Bishop Wulstan ( iii. 270). He gave Boraston in Burford, Shropshire, to the church of Worcester. Freeman seems to be mistaken in identifying Osbern FitzRichard with Osbern Pentecost. Osbern's wife was perhaps Nest, daughter of Gruffydd ap Llewelyn. Her daughter married Bernard (fl. 1093) [q. v.] of Neufmarché, and a son, Hugh FitzOsbern, who married Eustachia de Say, died before 1140. Hugh had two sons: Osbern, who died about 1185; and Hugh de Say, who was ancestor of the Talbots of Richard's Castle and of the Cornwalls of Burford.

It has been conjectured that the great northern family of Scrope was descended from Richard FitzScrob. Richard is called ‘Ricardus Scrupe’ in the Herefordshire ‘Domesday’ (p. 186), and his son Osbern is once called ‘Osbern filius Escrob’ (, Cartulary, i. 78). In an early charter of Hugh FitzOsbern there is mention of a Richard de Escrop. In 1163 (Pipe Roll, 5 Henry II) a Robert de Scrupa held two knights' fees in Gloucestershire. The Gloucestershire name is also spelt Escropes and Escrupes, and eventually appears as Croupes; the various forms are sufficiently close to suggest a connection between Scrob and Scrope. The Yorkshire family appears to be derived from a Robert Scrope of Lincolnshire in the eleventh century.

[Flor. Wig. (Engl. Hist. Soc.); Domesday, pp. 185–6, 260; Eyton's Antiquities of Shropshire, iv. 302–9, v. 208, 224–6 et alibi; Nash's Hist. of Worsestershire, i. 239–41, 257; Robinson's Castles of Herefordshire and their Lords; Dugdale's Baronage, i. 654; Bristol and Gloucester Archæological Transactions, iii. 351, iv. 157–8, xiv. 307–9; Powlett Scrope's Hist. of Castle Combe; Freeman's Norman Conquest; Round's Feudal England, pp. 320–6; Academy, 26 Oct. 1895, pp. 339–40.]  RICHARD (d. 1127), bishop of Hereford, was a clerk of the king's chapel and keeper of the seal under Ralph or Ranulf [q. v.], chancellor of Henry I (, Hist. Nov. p. 290). Richard witnessed a charter of Henry I as ‘custos sigilli regis’ about September 1119 (, Geoffrey de Mandeville, p. 427). It is clear that Thynne was right in styling him keeper, and Foss was in error in stating that he was merely ‘clericus de sigillo,’ as William of Malmesbury calls him. Richard was appointed bishop of Hereford by Henry I. His election took place on 7 Jan. 1121. Archbishop Ralph d'Escures [q. v.] consecrated him at Lambeth on 16 Jan. (, p. 291). Richard took part in the consecration of Everard, bishop of Norwich, on 12 June 1121 (ib. p. 294). After an uneventful episcopate, he died at Ledbury on 15 Aug. 1127, and was buried in the cathedral at Hereford. He is said to have built a bridge over the Wye.

[Eadmer's Hist. Novorum; William of Malmesbury's Gesta Pontificum, p. 304; Flor. Wig. ii. 75; Godwin, De Præsulibus, p. 482, ed. Richardson; Foss's Judges of England, i. 132–133.]  RICHARD or  (d. 1128), bishop of London. [See ]

 RICHARD (d. 1139), first abbot of Fountains, was prior of the Benedictine abbey of St. Mary, York, when in 1132 he found that the sacristan Richard (d. 1143) [q. v.] and six other brethren of the house had entered into a bond that they would strive after a stricter life and, if possible, join the Cistercian order, which was then in high repute and had been established in England about three years before. Richard joined the new movement, and his union with them gave them strength, for he was wise, and was highly esteemed by Thurstan [q. v.], the archbishop of York, and other men in power. But difficulties soon arose with the anti-reform party. The abbot, Geoffrey, called in monks from Marmoutier, who appear to have been in York, and certain Cluniac monks and others, and denounced Richard and his friends. The archbishop visited the abbey with several of his chapter and other attendants on 9 Oct., and the abbot refusing to admit his attendants, who were secular clerks, a quarrel ensued, and Thurstan finally retired with Richard and the other twelve monks of his party, who left the abbey, taking nothing with them. On 26 Dec. he established the new community on the site of the present Fountains, near Ripon in Skeldale, and gave them the place and some land at Sutton in the neighbourhood. Richard was chosen abbot, and he and his monks built themselves huts round a great elm, and applied themselves to labour of various kinds. When the winter was over they sent a messenger to St. Bernard, abbot of Clairvaux, asking to be received into the Cistercian order. He sent them a monk from Clairvaux to instruct them in the rule, and wrote a letter to Richard warmly approving what had been done, and expressing a wish that he could visit the convent.

For two years after their settlement the monks endured great privations; their hopes of establishing themselves in England at last failed, and Richard went to Clairvaux and