Page:Dictionary of National Biography volume 47.djvu/320

 fied the agreement, but stipulated that the see of Edinburgh should not be filled without his consent. Under the new diocesan arrangement Rattray became bishop of Dunkeld.

In spite of the agreement, there were complaints of attempts by Rattray and Gillan to introduce the ‘usages.’ On Gillan's death (3 Jan. 1735) the clergy of Dumblane elected Robert White as his successor. The primate refused his mandate; nevertheless White was consecrated on 24 June 1735 at Carsebank, near Forfar, by Rattray, Dunbar, and Keith. The rupture culminated at an episcopal synod in Edinburgh, in July 1739, from which the primus and John Octerlonie, bishop of Brechin, withdrew, on the admission of Robert Lyon to act as proxy for Dunbar. Freebairn was accordingly superseded as primus by the election of Rattray. Freebairn, who had succeeded Lumsden as bishop of Edinburgh, died on 24 Dec. 1739. Complications arose; the Edinburgh clergy would not recognise Rattray as primus, and asked a mandate from the body of bishops. No mandate was given, for James declined to sanction any appointment to Edinburgh, nor was the see filled till 1776. In February 1743 the Edinburgh clergy applied to Rattray to take temporary charge of the diocese. He returned a favourable answer, but proposed to take the advice of an episcopal synod. For this purpose he went to Edinburgh, where he fell ill, and died on Ascension Day, 12 May 1743, in his sixtieth year. Memorial poems in Latin and English, by T. Drummond, D.D., and another by an unknown hand, were published at Edinburgh, 1743, 4to. Keith preached his funeral sermon and succeeded him as primus. He married Margaret, daughter of Thomas Galloway, second baron Dunkeld, and had two sons and three daughters. His eldest daughter, Margaret, married, in 1720, John Clerk, M.D., the ancestor of the family of Clerk-Rattray of Craighall.

An important part of Rattray's work was posthumous. The synod assembled at Edinburgh on 19 Aug. 1743, on occasion of the consecration of John Alexander as Rattray's successor. Sixteen canons were passed, and of these the first ten, with the preamble, had been drawn by Rattray. They defined the authority of the primus, revived the office of dean, and gave the bishops a veto on episcopal elections. These canons, which remained in force till 1811, were resisted by the Edinburgh clergy, who raised the claim of presbyters to a legislative voice in synods.

Posthumous also was Rattray's chief publication, ‘The Ancient Liturgy of the Church of Jerusalem,’ &c., 1744, 8vo. This work, undertaken at Lyon's instance, contains in Greek a restored text of the anaphora of the liturgy of St. James, with passages, in parallel columns, from those of St. Chrysostom, St. Basil, St. Mark, and the Clementine. Neale (Hist. Holy Eastern Church, 1850, i. 464 sq.) criticises Rattray's restorations. In an appendix is an English version, with insertions from the Scottish communion office and other sources, and modern rubrics; this is reprinted in Hall's ‘Fragmenta Liturgica’ (Bath, 1848, i. 151 sq.)

Among his other works were: ‘An Essay on the Nature of the Church,’ Edinburgh, 1728, and another posthumous publication, ‘Some Particular Instructions concerning the Christian Covenant … and an Essay on the Nature of Man,’ 1748.

[Keith's Hist. Cat. (Russel), 1824, pp. 537 sq.; Lathbury's Hist. of the Nonjurors, 1845, p. 358; Grub's Eccl. Hist. of Scotland, 1860, iii. 388 sq. iv. 1 sq.; Anderson's Scottish Nation, 1872, iii. 734; information from Lieut.-gen. James Clerk-Rattray.] 

RAULSTON, JOHN (d. 1452), bishop of Dunkeld. [See ]

RAUZZINI, VENANZIO (1747–1810), singer, musical composer, and teacher, was born in 1747 at Rome, where he studied music under a member of the papal choir. At the age of eighteen he made his operatic début at the Teatro della Valle in Rome, in a female part, women being at that time prohibited from acting on the Roman stage. In 1767 he appeared in Vienna, and subsequently was engaged for the elector of Bavaria's Italian opera at Munich, where he remained seven years, and produced four operas. He left owing to the discovery of an intrigue with a lady of the court (, Reminiscences, i. 10). Coming to England, he appeared in November 1774 in Corri's opera, ‘Alessandro nell' Indie.’ After three years' highly successful operatic career, Rauzzini retired in order to devote himself to teaching. In 1787 he produced his opera, ‘La Vestale,’ at the King's Theatre, London, but its total failure led him to quit London and settle in Bath, where he passed the remainder of his days, teaching and conducting concerts. He died in Bath, 8 April 1810, and was buried in the abbey church, Braham being a chief mourner. In 1811 Selina Storace and Braham erected a tablet to his memory in Bath Abbey.

Burney declares Rauzzini to have been an excellent musician, both as singer and 