Page:Dictionary of National Biography volume 47.djvu/134

 frigate Sheerness on board a French ship of war bound for Montrose from Dunkirk, and carrying arms and warlike stores, doubtless to join the Chevalier, though of this fact no proof was obtained. With several other officers he was taken prisoner to the Tower of London. His identity having been established, he was condemned to death under his former sentence on 21 Nov. 1746. Though not legally a peer, owing to the attainder, he was accorded the privilege of decapitation, and met his fate bravely on Tower Hill on 8 Dec. 1746, reiterating his adhesion to the catholic faith and the Stuart cause; he was buried in St. Giles's-in-the-Fields on 11 Dec. Of all the victims of the rebellion his execution most affected the Pretender James Edward, who had known him at Rome for many years, and regarded him as the most zealous and loyal of his adherents (State Papers, Tuscany, 17 Jan. 1747 ap., Life and Times of Prince Charles, ii. 68; , Gray, 1827, p. 335). His widow died in London on 4 Aug. 1755, aged 62, and was buried with him. There is a mezzotint portrait by an unknown artist (, Mezzotinto Portraits, pt. iv. 1703).

Charles Radclyffe's eldest son, James Bartholomew Radclyffe (1725–1786), became third Earl of Newburgh on the death of his mother in August 1755. He was baptised at Vincennes on 25 Aug. 1725, the Pretender James Edward standing as his godfather, and he was taken prisoner with his father in 1745, but soon afterwards released. In 1749, by act of parliament, a sum of 30,000l. was raised for his benefit from the Derwentwater estates; in the same year he married Barbara, heiress of Anthony Kemp of Slindon, Sussex, by Anne, daughter of Henry Browne, fifth viscount Montagu, and left issue. The only son, Anthony James, fourth earl, died without issue in 1814, and the peerage devolved upon the descendants of Charlotte Maria, countess of Newburgh, by her first husband, Thomas, son of Lord Clifford (cf., Hist. of Durham, i. 33; G. E. C.'s Peerage, s.v. ‘Newburgh;’ , Peerage, s.v. ‘Newburgh;’ Notes and Queries, 2nd ser. xii. 405, 7th ser. vols. iv. and v. passim).

[The romantic fate of the third Earl of Derwentwater and his brother occasioned a small literature of dying speeches and chap-book lives. Among these may be noted: Genuine and Impartial Memoirs of Charles Radclyffe … with an Account of his Family, London, 1746, 8vo, two editions, and Dublin, 1746, 8vo; A Sketch of the Life and Character of Mr. Radcliffe, 1746, 8vo; Penrice's Genuine and Impartial Account of the Remarkable Life of C. Radcliffe and … his Brother, 1746, 8vo; History of the Earl of Derwentwater: his Life, Adventures, Trial, &c., Newcastle, 1840, 12mo (several editions with small modifications). See also Gibson's Dilston Hall, or Memoirs of James Radcliffe, Earl of Derwentwater (a careful piece of family history), 1850, 8vo; G. E. C.'s Complete Peerage, ii. 78; Burke's Extinct Baronetage, p. 436; Burke's Anecdotes of the Aristocracy, i. 263; Stowe MS. 158, f. 173 (containing particulars of the disposal of the Derwentwater estates); Miscell. Topogr. et Genealog. iii. 154; Ellis's Family of Radclyffe, 1850; Howitt's Visits to Remarkable Places, 2nd ser.; Patten's Hist. of the Rebellion, 2nd edit. 1717, passim; Jesse's Pretenders and their Adherents, i. 101; Hogg's Jacobite Relics, 2nd ser. p. 270; Jacobite Minstrelsy, 1829; Stanhope's Hist. of England, vol. i.; Historical Register, vols. i. ii. and iii. passim; Wheatley and Cunningham's London, iii. 398–9. See also articles (1675?–1738), and .]  RADCLIFFE or RATCLIFFE, JOHN, (1452?–1496), was son of Sir John Radcliffe of Attleborough in Norfolk, head of a younger branch of the Radcliffes of Radcliffe Tower, Lancashire. His mother was Elizabeth, baroness Fitzwalter in her own right, as the only child of Walter Fitzwalter (d. 1431), seventh baron Fitzwalter of Woodham Walter and Dunmow in Essex. Radcliffe's father, who in right of his wife was styled Lord Fitzwalter, died a few days after the battle of Towton (6 April 1461) of wounds received in the preliminary skirmish at Ferrybridge, when his son and heir was nine years of age. The latter seems to have resided for a time at Calais or Guisnes, and to have returned to England, where he settled at Attleborough, about 1476 (Paston Letters, iii. 156, 160). He was a relative of the Paston family (ib. iii. 341–3). Until 1485 he was styled John Radcliffe of Attleborough, esq., or John Radcliffe Fitzwauter, but on 15 Sept. in that year he received a summons to parliament as Lord Fitzwalter, though his mother seems still to have been alive; he continued to be so summoned until 14 Oct. 1495 (, i. 515; Testamenta Vetusta, p. 496; Paston Letters, iii. 83). Henry VII also made him steward of the household in the first year of his reign, and two years later (25 Nov. 1487) joint high steward of England with Jasper Tudor, duke of Bedford, and others at the coronation of his queen, Elizabeth of York. But on taking part in the conspiracy on behalf of Perkin Warbeck, Radcliffe was attainted in the parliament of October 1495, and sent prisoner to Calais, where, after a futile attempt to escape by bribing his keepers, he was beheaded in November 1496.

Radcliffe married, first (before 12 March 1476), Anne, sister of Sir Richard 