Page:Dictionary of National Biography volume 45.djvu/94

 he went with James Sherard [q. v.], the physician, to Cambridge (ib. 2330, f. 914). His health seems by this time to have failed, and early in 1717 he was incapable of any active exertion. He died, unmarried at his house in Aldersgate Street about 2 April 1718. His body lay in state at Cook's Hall until the 10th, when it was buried in the chancel of St. Botolph's Church, Aldersgate Street, Sir Hans Sloane, Henry Levett [q. v.], physician to the Charterhouse, and four other physicians acting as pall-bearers.

His collections, for which, according to Pulteney (Biographical Sketches, ii. 32), Sir Hans Sloane, before his death, offered 4,000l., were purchased, with his books and manuscripts, by Sloane, and are now in the British Museum. The manuscripts are mixed up with letters addressed to Sloane; and the herbarium, consisting of plants from all countries, forms a considerable portion of the Sloane collection, now at the Natural History Museum at South Kensington. Petiver's Latin was, at least sometimes, composed for him by Tancred Robinson [q. v.] (Sloane MS. 3330), and he borrowed largely, without much acknowledgment, from the botanical manuscripts of Adam Buddle. Though a good observer, and industrious in his endeavours to make science popular, he is often hasty and inaccurate in his botanical writings. His name was commemorated by Plumier in the genus Petiveria, tropical American plants, now taken as the type of an order.

Petiver published: 1. ‘Museum Petiverianum,’ 1695–1703, 8vo, in ten centuries, each describing one hundred plants, animals, or fossils. 2. ‘Gazophylacium Naturæ et Artis,’ 1702–9, folio, in ten decades, each containing ten plates, with descriptions. 3. ‘The Monthly Miscellany, or Memoirs for the Curious,’ 1707–9, 3 vols. containing the commencement of ‘Botanicum Londinense, or the London Herbal.’ 4. ‘Plantarum Genevæ Catalogus,’ 1709. 5. ‘Pterigraphia Americana. Icones continens plusquam C C C C Filicum,’ 1712, folio, twenty plates. 6. ‘Aquat. Animalium Amboinæ Catalogus,’ 1713, twenty-two plates. 7. ‘Herbarii Britannici clariss. D. Raii Catalogus cum Iconibus ad vivum delineatis;’ other copies having the title ‘Catalogue of Mr. Ray's English Herball,’ vol. i. with fifty copperplates, comprising over six hundred outline figures, 1713, folio; vol. ii. with twenty-two plates and about 280 figures, 1715; reprinted by Sir Hans Sloane in 1732. 8. ‘Plantarum Etruriæ rariorum Catalogus,’ 1715, folio. 9. ‘Plantarum Italiæ marinarum et Graminum Icones,’ 1715, folio, five plates. 10. ‘Hortus Peruvianus medicinalis,’ 1715, seven plates. 11. ‘Monspelii desideratarum Plantarum Catalogus,’ 1716, folio. 12. ‘Proposals for the Continuation of an Iconical Supplement to Mr. John Ray his “Universal History of Plants,”’ 1716. 13. ‘Graminum, Muscorum, Fungorum … Concordia,’ 1716, folio. 14. ‘Petiveriana, sive Collectanea Naturæ,’ iii. 1716–1717, folio. 15. ‘Plantæ Silesiacæ rariores,’ 1717, folio, a single sheet. 16. ‘Plantarum Ægyptiacarum rariorum Icones,’ 1717, folio, two plates and one sheet. 17. ‘English Butterflies,’ 1717, six plates. Undated: 18. ‘Botanicum Anglicum,’ labels for the herbarium. 19. ‘Hortus siccus Pharmaceuticus,’ labels. 20. ‘Rudiments of English Botany,’ four plates and one sheet. 21. ‘James Petiver his Book, being Directions for gathering Plants,’ one sheet. 22. ‘Brief Directions for the easie making and preserving Collections,’ one sheet. 23. ‘Plants engraved for Ray's “English Herball,”’ folio, one sheet. Petiver also published many separate plates, mostly of rare American plants. He contributed twenty-one papers to the ‘Philosophical Transactions’ (vols. xix.–xxix.) between 1697 and 1717, explanatory of specimens of exotic plants, animals, minerals, fossils, and drugs exhibited by him. These are enumerated by Pulteney (Biographical Sketches, ii. 38–42). Many of his minor works became scarce, and they were mostly, with the exception of the papers in the ‘Philosophical Transactions,’ reprinted under the title ‘Jacobi Petiveri Opera Historiam Naturalem spectantia,’ 1764, 2 vols. fol. and 1 vol. 8vo.

[Trimen and Dyer's Flora of Middlesex, 1869, pp. 379–86, and authorities there cited; Pulteney's Biographical Sketches of the Progress of Botany; Sloane MSS.] 

PETO, SAMUEL MORTON (1809–1889), contractor and politician, eldest son of William Peto of Cookham, Berkshire, who died on 12 Jan. 1849, by Sophia, daughter of Ralph Allowoy of Dorking, was born at Whitmoor House, parish of Woking, Surrey, on 4 Aug. 1809. While an apprentice to his uncle Henry Peto, a builder, at 31 Little Britain, city of London, he showed a talent for drawing, attended a technical school, and later on received lessons from a draughtsman, George Maddox of Furnival's Inn, and from Mr. Beazley, an architect. After spending three years in the carpenter's shop he went through the routine of bricklayer's work, and learnt to lay eight hundred bricks a day. His articles expired in 1830. In the same year Henry Peto died, and left his business to Samuel Morton and