Page:Dictionary of National Biography volume 45.djvu/139

 as he confessed to Moore (, Memoirs, v. 244). And Lord John Russell, writing to him in 1829, lamented that the pure gold of his integrity was not ‘mixed with a little more alloy of ambition and self-love, for then you might be stamped with the king's head, and pass current through the country’ (Life of Lord John Russell, i. 148).

The wide social influence which Lansdowne exercised proved of no small service to his party. Under him the reputation which Bowood and Lansdowne house had secured in the lifetime of Lord Shelburne as meeting-places not only for politicians, but for men of letters and of science, was fully maintained. In the patronage of art and literature Lansdowne exercised considerable discretion, and re-established the magnificent library and collections of pictures and marbles which had been made by his father, and dissipated during a short period of possession by his half-brother. Most delicate in his acts of generosity, he freed the poet Moore from his financial troubles (, Life of Moore, ii. 341, iii. 231, vii. 97); he assisted Sydney Smith to long-waited-for preferment (, Life of Sydney Smith, p. 263), and he secured a knighthood for Lyell (Life of Sir Charles Lyell, ii. 114).

Lansdowne married, 30 March 1808, Lady Louisa Emma Fox-Strangways, fifth daughter of Henry Thomas, second earl of Ilchester, by whom he had two sons; the second succeeded him as Marquis of Lansdowne, and is noticed separately.

Numerous portraits of him are in existence; several are in the possession of the present Marquis of Lansdowne at Bowood; one, painted by Lawrence, hangs in the National Portrait Gallery. His bust stands in Westminster Abbey, with an inscription jointly composed by Dean Stanley and his grandson, Lord Edmond Fitzmaurice; and there is a statue at Bowood presented to him in 1853 by public subscription, in recognition of his public services.

[Hansard Parl. Reports, and Annual Register, 1805–60; Times, 1 Feb. 1863; Saturday Review, 4 Feb. 1863; Walpole's Life of Lord John Russell; Torrens's Life of Lord Melbourne; Bulwer's Life of Lord Palmerston; Horner's Memoirs; Moore's Memoirs; Lord Edmond Fitzmaurice's Life of Earl Shelburne; Greville's Journals; Lord Colchester's Diary; Stapleton's Political Life of Canning; Lord Stanhope's Life of Pitt; Lord Dudley's Letters; Life of Lord Grey; Buckingham's Courts and Cabinets of the Regency; Memoir of Herries, and information kindly given by the Marquis of Lansdowne and Lord Edmond Fitzmaurice.]  PETTY-FITZMAURICE, HENRY THOMAS, fourth (1816–1866), under-secretary of state for foreign affairs, was the second and only surviving son of Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice, third marquis of Lansdowne [q. v.], by his marriage with Lady Louisa Emma Fox-Strangways, fifth daughter of Henry Thomas, second earl of Ilchester. He was born on 5 Jan. 1816 at Lansdowne House, London, and was educated at Westminster School and Trinity College, Cambridge. He sat in the House of Commons for Calne from 1847 to 5 July 1856, and was a junior lord of the treasury in Lord John Russell's administration from December 1847 to August 1849. In July 1856 he was summoned to the House of Lords in his father's barony of Wycombe, and became under-secretary of state for foreign affairs under Lord Palmerston from 1856 to 1858. In 1859 he was elected chairman of the Great Western Railway Company, which position he resigned shortly after the death of his father on 31 Jan. 1863. He was made knight of the Garter in 1864. He received an offer of office from Lord Derby the day before his death, which took place suddenly on 5 July 1866; he was seized with paralysis at White's Club, and died within a few hours afterwards at Lansdowne House. He was buried in the mausoleum at Bowood.

Lansdowne, unlike his father, took small interest in politics; he possessed, however, an admirable capacity for administrative work, which well fitted him for the post of chairman of the Great Western Railway Company.

He married, first, on 18 Aug. 1840, Lady Georgiana Herbert, daughter of George Augustus, eleventh earl of Pembroke; and, secondly, Emily Jane Mercer Elphinstone de Flahault, baroness Nairne in her own right, eldest daughter of the Comte de Flahault and the Baroness Nairne and Keith, by whom he had two sons. The elder succeeded him as fifth Marquis, and has served the offices of governor-general of Canada, viceroy of India, and secretary of state for foreign affairs. Lord Edmond Fitzmaurice is the second son.

[Burke's Peerage; Ann. Reg. 1866; Gent. Mag. 1866; Times, 13 July 1866.]  PETTYT, THOMAS (1510?–1558?), military engineer, born about 1510, known as the ‘Surveyor of Calais,’ was employed at Calais during the reign of Henry VIII. In 1547 he went to Scotland to report on the condition of some of the castles and fortified places. He was then sent to strengthen the defences of Berwick.

In April 1548 Pettyt accompanied Lord