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  as member for Tamworth, and warmly supported Pitt. He at first hailed the French revolution as a ‘temperate reformation,’ but when it grew more violent in character resisted it as far as with him lay. To the voluntary contribution of 1797 his firm gave 10,000l., and in 1798 he armed and commanded six companies of Bury royal volunteers. On 14 Feb. 1799 he spoke strongly for the union with Ireland, and his speech was printed in Dublin. In 1800 he was made a baronet, and assumed as his motto ‘Industria.’ On 7 May 1802 he defended Pitt, who when in office had constantly sought his opinion on financial and commercial matters. ‘No minister,’ he said, ‘ever understood so well the commercial interests of the country. He knew that the true sources of its greatness lay in its productive industry.’

In the same year he carried the act which was the forerunner of all factory legislation: ‘An Act for the Preservation of the Health and Morals of Apprentices and others, employed in Cotton and other Mills, and Cotton and other Factories.’ He himself was the employer at this period of some fifteen thousand persons. In 1819 he opposed the resumption of cash payments, a measure carried in that year by his son.

Peel died at Drayton Manor on 3 May 1830, and was buried in the church of Drayton-Bassett, Staffordshire. There is a portrait by Sir Thomas Lawrence. In person he was ‘tall, manly, and well proportioned.’ ‘His eye’ (it was said) ‘when he speaks lights up his countenance with peculiar animation.’ He possessed the vigour and the virtues of the national character, and may be claimed as a pioneer of the commercial greatness of England.

On 8 July 1783, at the age of thirty-three, he married Ellen Yates, the daughter of one of his partners. He married, secondly, in October 1805, Susanna, daughter of Francis Clerke; she died without issue on 10 Sept. 1824. By his first wife Peel had eleven children. The eldest son, the statesman [q. v.], and the fifth son, [q. v.], are separately noticed. It is said that on hearing of the birth of his eldest son he fell on his knees, and, returning thanks to God, vowed that he would give his child to his country.

The second son, (1789–1858), born at Chamber Hall, Bury, Lancashire, on 3 Aug. 1789, was educated at Harrow and St. John's College, Cambridge, graduating B.A. 1812 and M.A. 1815. Entering Lincoln's Inn, he was called to the bar in June 1816; he sat in parliament for Bossiney, Cornwall, 1817–18, Tamworth (as colleague of his brother Sir Robert) 1818–30, Yarmouth, Isle of Wight, 1830–1, Cambridge University 1831–5, Tamworth 1835–7, and again 1847–52. In 1826 he was appointed a commissioner of the board of control in Lord Liverpool's administration; he was under-secretary for the home department under his brother, Sir Robert, in 1828, in the Duke of Wellington's administration; a lord of the treasury in 1830 in the same government, and again in 1834–5 in his brother's ministry; in the same year he was sworn of the privy council. He died on 1 June 1858, having married, on 17 June 1819, Jane Elizabeth (d. 1847), daughter of Stephen, second earl Mountcashell, and left issue four sons and nine daughters (, Lancashire Pedigrees;, Book of Dignities; Gent. Mag. 1858, ii. 191).



PEEL, ROBERT (1788–1850), second baronet, statesman, was born on 5 Feb. 1788, probably at Chamber Hall, near Bury in Lancashire. He was the eldest son of (1750–1830) [q. v.] His mother, Ellen Yates, was eldest daughter of William Yates, a partner in the firm of Haworth, Peel, & Yates, cotton manufacturers of Bury. The boy took lessons with James Hargreaves, curate of Bury, but learned more from his father, who had marked him out to be a statesman, and who, by way of training, would set him on Sunday evenings to repeat the morning and afternoon sermons of the day. At the age of ten he removed with his family to Drayton Manor, near Tamworth in Staffordshire, and was placed at school with Francis Blick, vicar of Tamworth, where he was judged ‘a good boy of gentle manners, quick in feeling, very sensitive.’ In January 1801 he went to Harrow, entering the house of the Rev. Mark Drury. According to Byron, his schoolfellow, ‘there were always great hopes of Peel amongst us all, masters and scholars.’ In 1804 the two friends declaimed together, Byron taking the part of Latinus, and Peel that of Turnus. Another schoolfellow remembered him as ‘the light-haired, blue-eyed, fair-complexioned, smiling, good-natured boy, indolent somewhat as to physical exertion, but overflowing with mental energy.’ At Christmas 1804 he left Harrow, and spent the ensuing season at his father's house in Upper Grosvenor Street, being very regular in his attendance under the gallery of the House of Commons, where Pitt and Fox still held sway. 