Page:Dictionary of National Biography volume 44.djvu/130

  the original authorities are John of Ragusa, De Reductione Bohemorum; Petri Zatecensis (Peter of Saaz) Liber Diurnus; Ægidius Carlerius (Gilles Charlier), De Legationibus; Thomas Ebendorfer's Diarium; Johannis de Turonis Registrum; John de Segovia, Hist. Synodi Basilensis (these are contained in the Monumenta Conciliorum Generalium Sæculi XV, vols. i. ii. iii., published by the Kaiserliche Akademie der Wissenschaften, Vienna, 1857, 1873, 1892–4); Dlugosz's Historia Polonica, i. 432–6, 578–9; Hoefler's Geschichtsschreiber der Hussitischen, in the Fontes Rerum Austriacarum; Scriptores Rerum Bohemorum, vols. i. ii., Prague, 1783–1829; Æneas Sylvius, Historia Bohemiæ and Historia Universalis; Fordun's Scotichronicon, iv. 1299, sub anno 1432, where he is called Creyk; Zantfliet's Chron. ap. Martene and Durand, v. 431; Cochlæus, Historia Hussitarum. Some other original authorities are cited in the text. For the Council of Basle, see Martene and Durand's Veterum Scriptorum Amplissima Collectio, vol. viii., and Mansi's Concilia, vols. xxix. xxx. Palacky's Geschichte von Böhmen, bks. vii. viii. ix., contributes some information not otherwise readily accessible. See also Tomek's Dějepis Prahy (History of Prague), vol. iv. passim; Bale's Centuriæ, vi. 86, 97; Tanner's Bibl. Brit.-Hib. p. 582; Wood's Hist. and Antiq. Univ. Oxford, ed. Gutch, i. 543, 560, 585–6,; Creighton's History of the Papacy during the Reformation, esp. ii. 94–102; Robertson's History of the Christian Church, vols. vii. viii. Baker's Forgotten Great Englishman, 1894, is an imperfect and over-partial biography, for the most part based on Palacky's Geschichte von Böhmen.]

 PAYNE, PETER (1763–1843), third baronet de jure, of Blunham House, Bedfordshire, born in February 1763, was third son of Sir Gillies Payne, second baronet, of Tempsford, Bedfordshire. His grandfather Sir Charles (d. 1746) had inherited from his wife large property in St. Christopher's, West Indies, and had been created a baronet on 31 Oct. 1737.

Sir Gillies Payne (d. 1801) was high sheriff of Bedfordshire in 1771. He formed in his youth a connection with Maria Keeling, daughter of a farmer at Potton, Bedfordshire, but delayed marriage with her until the death of his mother in 1761. Peter was the first child born subsequently. Nevertheless on the death of his father in 1801 he allowed his elder brother, John, to succeed to the title; and, when John died two years later, acted as guardian to his young children. It was not until 1828 that Sir Peter, having vainly offered to submit his claims and those of his brother's heir to a court of arbitration, was induced to allow the matter to be raised incidentally in the chancery suit Glascott v. Bridges. In the course of the trial Sir John's widow made affidavit that she and her sister had burned the marriage-certificate of Sir Gillies; but evidence brought forward convinced the court of its existence, and Sir Peter was declared the eldest son born in wedlock. This decision was however reversed by the lord chancellor in January 1829, and an issue was directed to be tried as to the legitimacy of John and Peter Payne. The question never again came before the courts; but during his lifetime Sir Peter's claim to the baronetcy was acknowledged. He refused, however, to register himself as a baronet.

Peter was educated at Hackney and at Queens' College, Cambridge, where he graduated B.A. in 1784 and M.A. in 1787. A handsome youth, though delicate, he took an active part in field sports, was a captain in the Bedfordshire militia, and was a deputy-lieutenant for the county for upwards of half a century. In politics he was a strong whig, and he exerted much political influence in the Midlands.

In 1810 he published two pamphlets, entitled respectively ‘England the Cause of Europe's Subjugation, addressed to the British Parliament,’ and ‘The Character and Conduct of British Ministers in War and Negotiation illustrated by Facts.’ In 1812 he attacked Pitt and attempted to convict Wilberforce of inconsistency in ‘Mr. Pitt the grand Political Delinquent; with a Dedication to the Solemnisers of his Birthday, and an Address to Wm. Wilberforce, Esq., M.P.’ In the same year he issued at Birmingham, under the pseudonym ‘Philagathos,’ ‘Seven Short and Plain Letters to the Inhabitants of Birmingham on the Leading Points connected with the Orders in Council.’

Payne was intimate with Major John Cartwright [q. v.], for whom he acted as bail when Cartwright was charged with sedition in August 1819 (, Life of Major Cartwright, ii. 169, 175–6). Among other friends were Sir Herbert Taylor and Dr. Parr. With the latter he had much familiar correspondence, which became the property of his youngest daughter, Mrs. Elsdon Everard.

In 1819 he published at Birmingham a ‘Letter to Lord Erskine in Defence of the Whigs.’ On 5 May 1831 he was returned, with the Marquis of Tavistock, as a whig member for Bedfordshire, but retired at the dissolution in December 1832. He printed at Bedford in 1832 a pamphlet advocating repeal of the corn laws. He was also a strong opponent of the slave trade, and an advocate of higher education of women. In favour of the latter cause he wrote a 