Page:Dictionary of National Biography volume 44.djvu/108

  [Foster's Peerage, under ‘Winchester;’ Hart's Army Lists; Kinglake's Invasion of the Crimea (cabinet edit.); Times, 10 May 1893; Broad Arrow, 13 May 1893, p. 590.]  PAULINUS (fl. 500?), British ecclesiastic, is first mentioned in the ‘Life of St. David,’ by Rhygyfarch (d. 1099), as that saint's early teacher. He is described as a bishop, a ‘scriba,’ and a pupil of Germanus, living as an anchorite upon an island. He was cured of blindness by St. David, and at the synod of Brefi was the person who suggested the summoning thither of his distinguished pupil (Cambro-British Saints, 1853, pp. 122–3, 137). The life of Teilo in the ‘Liber Landavensis,’ written probably about 1130, sends Teilo also to ‘Paulinus’ for instruction and makes David one of his fellow-pupils. Pughe (Cambrian Biography) and others identify Paulinus with the Pawl Hên of Manaw in the north, who was the father of the Anglesey saints Peulan, Gwyngenau, and Gwenfaen (Myvyrian Archaiology, 2nd edit., pp. 426, 429); they also locate him at Ty Gwyn ar Daf or Whitland, Carmarthenshire, on the authority of notices in the Glamorgan copies of the ‘Genealogies of the Saints’ (Iolo MSS. 112, 114, 139). With much more probability he is identified with the Paulinus of an early inscribed stone found at Pantypolion in the parish of Caio, Carmarthenshire, and now kept at Dolau Cothi in the same neighbourhood. The inscription read in the time of Bishop Gibson—‘Servatur fidæi patrieq semper amator hic paulinus iacit cultor pientisimus æqvi’ (, Lapidarium Walliæ, 1876–9, p. 79). Paulinus is the patron saint of Llangors, Brecknockshire, and of Capel Peulin (or Capel Ystradffin), a chapel of Llandingad, Carmarthenshire; the latter is possibly meant by the ‘Capella Sancti Paulini’ of an agreement as to tithes drawn up in 1339 between the abbey of Strata Florida and the clergy of the diocese of St. David's (, Strata Florida, 1889, p. li). According to Rees (Welsh Saints, p. 188), Paulinus was commemorated under the title ‘Polin Esgob’ on 22 Nov.

[Authorities cited.]  PAULINUS (d. 644), archbishop or bishop of York, was a Roman (Carmen de Pontificibus Ecclesiæ Eboracensis, ll. 135–6), and, it is said, a monk of the monastery of St. Andrew at Rome (Acta SS. Bolland. Oct. v. 104). He was sent by Pope Gregory the Great, together with Mellitus [q. v.], Justus [q. v.], and others, to join Augustine [q. v.] in England in 601. They carried commendatory letters to the bishops of the cities in Gaul through which they would pass on their way, and to the kings and queens of the Franks, and brought with them a pall for Augustine, answers to questions that he had laid before the pope, and directions concerning the establishment of sees in England, in which York was named as the future head of the northern province. Paulinus (though he may have been sent on a mission to East Anglia some time before 616) appears to have generally remained in Kent until 625. In that year Edwin or Eadwine [q. v.], king of the Northumbrians, who was then a pagan, obtained from Eadbald [q. v.], king of Kent, permission to marry his sister Ethelburga or Æthelburh [q. v.]; he promised to do nothing against his bride's religion, and to grant freedom of worship to her and to any attendants, priests, or ministers that she might bring with her, and declared that he would not refuse to embrace Christianity if, on examination, it should appear to his counsellors to be more pleasing to God than his own religion. It was determined to send Paulinus with Æthelburh and her attendants, that he might by daily exhortation and celebration of the sacraments strengthen them in the faith and keep them from the contamination of heathenism, and he was therefore ordained bishop by Archbishop Justus on 21 July. At the Northumbrian court he both ministered to those who had come with him and strove to convert others. For some time the pagans resisted his exhortations. Eadwine's escape from an attempt to assassinate him on 17 April 626, and the danger of his queen in childbirth, inclined him to listen to the words of Paulinus, and he promised the bishop that if he obtained victory over his enemies, and his queen was spared, he would accept Christianity, and as an assurance he allowed the bishop to baptise his newly born daughter, Eanflæd [q. v.], and eleven members of his household with her, on Whit-Sunday, 8 June (Historia Ecclesiastica, ii. c. 9), or more probably on the eve of that festival. Nevertheless the king delayed his conversion, until Paulinus one day placed his hand upon his head and asked him if he remembered that sign. The question referred to an incident in the earlier life of Eadwine [see under ], when, during his residence at Rædwald's court, a man like Paulinus appeared to him at a moment of imminent danger, promised him deliverance, kingship, and power, and received from him in return a promise of obedience to be claimed by the sign that Paulinus at length gave the king. This incident is explained by some as a dream (, c. 2); others suppose that the