Page:Dictionary of National Biography volume 42.djvu/320

 confession of William of Alderi in January 1097, but withdrew before William'a execution. He was one of the bishops whom Anselm ineffectually consulted on l Oct. 1097. He died on Saturday, 3 Dec. 1099 (. ii. 44), and was buried in the cathedral at Old Serum. After his canonisation his bones were translated to Salisbury Cathedral on 23 July 1457, where, on the north aisle of the nave, there is still a slab with the date, which is said to have covered his tomb. An empty grave which was discovered at Old Sarum in 1936 was probably Osmund's. William of Malmesbury describes Osmund as a man of irreproachable life, pre-eminent for his chastity, and free from ambition; he had collected a great number of books, and, ‘bishop though he was, did not disdain either the writing or the binding of them.’

Osmund's work as bishop was, in the first place, the building of a cathedral at Old Sarum; and, secondly,the foundation and endowment of a regular cathedral body on the Norman model, consisting of dean, precentor, chancellor, treasurer, and thirty-two secular canons. A copy of the original ‘Institutio Osmundi’ eetahiishing the cathedral body is given in the ‘Register of St. Osmund,' i. 2l2-215. But more important in its effects was the drawing up of an Ordinal and Consuetudinary for use in his diocese. Osmund's work seems to have been prompted by the resistance of the English clergy to the attempt to introduce the Norman style of chanting (cf., Origines Liturgicæ, i. 187), an the desirability of introducing a fixed and uniform rule. His work was not however, an original one, but was a compilation from ancient sources The consequent ‘Use of Sarum' gradually met with almost universal acceptance in the British Isles; it is said to have been introduced into Ireland by the Synod of Cashel in 1172, and into Scotland seventy years later. Hugh de Nonant [q. v.] borrowed from 0smund's ordinances in his statutes for Lichfield. Gervase, bishop of St. David’s, directed the ‘Sarum Use’ to be observed in his diocese in 1223, and Richard Clifford [q. v.]. bishop of London, introduced it at St. Paul's in 1414. The fifteenth-century writer who passes by the name of John Brompton [q. v.] speaks of the ‘Sarum Use’ as being adopted in nearly all England, Wales, and Ireland (, Scriptores Decem, col. 977). The original manuscript drawn up under the direction of Osmund has perished, and the existing Consuetudinary. which is also styled ‘De Officiis Ecclesiesticis,' appears to have been revised for use in the new cathedral at Salisbury about 1222. About the same time a copy was made for the use of St. Patrick’s Cathedral, Dublin, which reproduces the Ssrum copy almost verbatim. The Dublin copy is now in the Cambridge University Library; the Salisbury copy is contained in the so-called ‘Register of St. 0smund.' The Dublin manuscript was printed in the ‘British Magazine,' vols. xxx. and xxxi.; the Sarum copy is printed in Rock's ‘Church of our Fathers,' vol. iii. ad fin. and with a translation in W. H. R. Jones‘s edition of the ‘Register of St, Osmund,' i. 1-185.

The ‘Register of St. Osmund' is the most ancient of the muniments of the episcopal registry at Salisbury. For the most part it consists of a collection of documents much later date than Osmund’s time, but including some of Osmund's own charters, and opening with the copy of the Consuetudinary already referred to, The 'Register of St. Osmund’ was edited for the Rolls Series by W. H. R. Jones, 2 vols., 1883, 1884. Osmund is credited with a life of St. Aldhelm, which has not survived.

The reputation of St. Osmund as the virtual founder of his church led to a desire for his canonisation at an early date. On 30 May 1228 a bull was obtained from Gregory IX directing a preliminary inquiry (, Concilia, i. 581). The project was again revived in 1387 and 1401, and in 1417 Henry V made an application in the matter to the Pope. On 14 Oct. 1424 Henry VI begged Martin VI to expedite the canonisation (ib. iii. 432); and on 20 March 1441 addressed Eugenius IV with the same purpose (, Correspondence, i. 117, Rolls Ser.) In July 1452 the chapter of Salisbury took the matter up again, and at length, after an expenditure of over 7001. and four years of negotiations, Calixtus III pronounced Osmund's canonisation on 1 Jan. 1467. In 1472 Sextus IV granted an indulgence to all who visited Salisbury Cathedral on Osmund’s feast day. On 21 March 1481 an assembly at St. Paul's ordered 4 Dec. to be observed in his honour. A notice of the miracles 'performed at Osmund's tomb will be found in Capgrave's ‘Nova Legends Angliæ,’ and in Hoare's ‘History of Wiltshire,’ vi. 146-8. [Register of St. Osmund; Sarum Charters and Documents; William of Malmesbury's Gesta Regum, pp. 372. 375, and Gesta Pontificum, pp. 95, 183-4, 424, 428, Eadmer's Hist. Nov. pp. 72, 82 (all time in the Rolls Ser.); Wilkins's Concilia, i. 561, ii. 432, 613; Le Neve's Fasti Eccl. Angl. ii. 594; Wharton. Anglia Sacra, ii. 43; Peter of Bois, Ep. 138, ap. Migne., Patrologia, ccvii.; Jones Fasti Eccles. Sarisbariensis. pp. 39-42; Capgrave's Nova Legenda Anglia, pp. 247b to 251b; Journal of the British