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 1822 to 1834 he was professor of natural history in Harvard University, and curator of the botanic gardens in connection with the university. He returned to England in 1842, living at Nutgrove, near St. Helens, Lancashire, an estate which was left to him on condition that he should reside upon it. There he had an extensive garden and collection of living plants. He died of prolonged chronic bronchitis at Nutgrove on 10 Sept. 1859. A portrait was published in 1825 by Fisher.

He was the author of many important contributions to American scientific journals, as well as of the following works: 1. ‘Genera of North American Plants and a Catalogue of the Species to the year 1817,’ Philadelphia, 1818, 2 vols. 12mo. 2. ‘Geological Sketch of the Valley of the Mississippi.’ 3. ‘Journal of Travels into the Arkansas Territory,’ Philadelphia, 1821, 8vo. 4. ‘Introduction to Systematic and Physiological Botany,’ Boston, 1827, 8vo. 5. ‘Manual of the Ornithology of the United States and of Canada,’ pt. i. Land Birds, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1832, 12mo, pt. ii. Water Birds, Boston, 1834, 12mo. A new edition, revised by Montague Chamberlain, has recently been issued (1894) under the auspices of the Nuttall Ornithological Club, Cambridge, Massachusetts. 6. ‘North American Sylva: Trees not described by F. A. Michaux,’ Philadelphia, 1842–9, 3 vols. 8vo. 

NUTTALL, THOMAS (1828–1890), lieutenant-general, Indian army, born in London on 7 Oct. 1828, was son of George R. Nuttall, M.D., some years one of the physicians of the Westminster dispensary. His mother was daughter of Mr. Mansfield of Midmar Castle, Aberdeenshire. He was sent to a private school at Aberdeen, but his character is said to have been formed chiefly by his mother, a good and clever woman. Sailing for India as an infantry cadet on 12 Aug. 1845, he was posted as ensign in the 29th Bombay native infantry from that date; became lieutenant in the regiment on 26 June 1847, and captain on 23 Nov. 1856. As a subaltern he held for a short time the post of quartermaster, also of commandant and staff officer of a detached wing, and was for nearly five years, from December 1851 to November 1856, adjutant of his regiment. As captain of the regimental light company, he was detached with the light battalion of the army in the Persian expedition of 1857 (medal and clasp). He returned to Bombay in May that year, and in August rejoined his regiment at Belgaum. During the mutiny and after, from 9 Nov. 1857 to 25 March 1861, he was detached on special police duty against disaffected Bheels and Coolies in the Nassick districts. He organised and disciplined a corps of one of the wildest and hitherto most neglected tribes of the Deccan, the coolies of the Western Ghâts, which did excellent service, and was engaged in many skirmishes. The assistant collector at Nassick reported that the dispersion of the Bheel rebels and the prompt suppression of the Peint rebellion were due to Nuttall's exertions. The commissioner of police similarly reported, on 21 Nov. 1859, that ‘Captain Nuttall and his men have marched incredible distances, borne hardships, privations, and exposure to an extent that has seldom been paralleled, one continuous exertion for more than two years without ceasing, most of the time in bivouac.’ On five occasions during this service Nuttall received the commendation of government. From June 1860 to August 1865 he held the position of superintendent of police successively at Kaira, Sholapur, and Kulladgi, having in the meantime been transferred to the Bombay staff corps (June 1865). He was promoted major in the same year. In September 1865 he proceeded on sick furlough to England, and returned to India in April 1867, when he resumed his police duties at Kulladgi, and in October was appointed second in command of the land transport of the Abyssinian expedition, with which he did good service at Koumeylee (mentioned in despatches; brevet of lieutenant-colonel and medal and clasp). From August 1868 to February 1871 he did duty with the 25th Bombay native infantry, and from April 1871 to April 1876 with the 22nd native infantry in the grades of second in command and commandant, during a portion of which time (from 8 May to 30 Oct. 1871) he was in temporary command of the Neemuch brigade. He became lieutenant-colonel on 2 Aug. 1871, and brevet-colonel on 3 Dec. 1873. On 5 April 1876 he became acting commandant, and on 25 Jan. 1877 commandant of the Sind frontier force, with headquarters at Jacobabad. On 20 Nov. 1878 he was appointed brigadier-general in the Affghan expeditionary force, and commanded his brigade in the Pisheen Valley and at the occupation of Kandahar. After