Page:Dictionary of National Biography volume 40.djvu/399

 kinds of intellectual power which have little in common, and which are not often found together in a very high degree of vigour, but which are nevertheless equally necessary in the most sublime department of physics, were united as they have never been united before or since. … In no other mind have the demonstrative faculty and the inductive faculty co-existed in such supreme excellence and perfect harmony.’

Among the portraits of Newton the chief are: In the possession of Lord Portsmouth, Hurstbourne Priors, not damaged at the fire in 1891, (1) in the hall, head signed G. Kneller, 1689; (2) in the billiard-room, head by Kneller, 1702; (3) in the library, head by Thornhill. In the possession of Lord Leconfield, Petworth House, (4) head by Kneller. In the possession of the Royal Society, (5) in the meeting-room, over the president's chair, portrait by Jervas, given in 1717 by Newton; (6) in the library, portrait by Vanderbank, 1725, given by Vignolles in 1841; (7) portrait by Vanderbank, given by M. Folkes, P.R.S. In the possession of Trinity College, Cambridge, (8) in the drawing-room of the lodge, portrait by Thornhill, 1710, given by Bentley; (9) in the drawing-room of the lodge, portrait given by Sam Knight in 1752; (10) in the dining-room of the lodge, head by Enoch Seeman, given by Thomas Hollis; (11) in the college hall, full-length portrait by Ritts, 1735, given by R. Gale, probably taken from Thornhill's picture, No. 8; (12) in the large combination-room, portrait given in 1813 by Mrs. Ring of Reading, whose grandmother was Newton's niece; (13) in the small combination-room, portrait by Vanderbank, 1725 (?), given by R. Smith, 1760; (14) in library, portrait by Vanderbank (taken at the age of eighty-three, after the publication of the third edition of the ‘Principia’), purchased by Trinity College in 1850. In the Pepys collection there is a drawing, probably from Kneller's portrait (No. 1).

Many of the above have been engraved. The engraving which is best known is one of No. 4 by J. Smith in 1712. This was done again by Simon 1712, Faber, Esplen 1743, and Fry. The engraving from the picture in the Pepys collection is also well known. The Vanderbank portrait of 1725 was engraved by Vertue in 1726, A. Smith, and Faber. There is a mezzotint by MacArdell, 1760, of Enoch Seeman's picture, and an engraving by T. O. Barlow of the Kneller picture of 1689 (No. 1 above).

A very beautiful statue by Roubiliac was given to Trinity College by the master, Dr. Robert Smith, in 1750, and is now in the ante-chapel. Wordsworth in his ‘Prelude’ (bk. iii.) detected in Newton's ‘silent face,’ as depicted in this work of art, The marble index of a mind for ever Voyaging through strange seas of Thought, alone. There is also a bust by Roubiliac, 1751, in Trinity College Library, and a cast of Newton's face, taken, in the opinion of competent judges, during life. The Royal Society and Trinity College possess other interesting relics. Copies of the bust exist at Bowood Park, and elsewhere.

[The most complete life of Newton is that by Sir D. Brewster, Memoirs of the Life, Writings, and Discoveries of Sir Isaac Newton, 1855; 2nd ed. 1860. Materials for a life collected by Conduitt are among the Portsmouth MSS. By far the most valuable collection of facts relating to him is the Synoptical View of Newton's Life contained in Newton's correspondence with Cotes, edited by Edleston in 1850. Shorter notices have been published by Biot, Biographie Universelle, translated in the Library of Useful Knowledge, 1829, and by De Morgan, Knight's Portrait Gallery, 1846. An Eloge de M. le Chevalier Newton was written by Fontenelle in 1728, partly from materials collected by Conduitt. This and the account given in Turnor's collection for the History of the Town and Soke of Grantham, 1806, are based on a sketch drawn up by Conduitt soon after Newton's death. Pemberton's View of Sir Isaac Newton's Philosophy, 4to, 1728, is interesting as being the account of a near friend, and Rigaud's Historical Essay on the first publication of Sir I. Newton's Principia abounds with important and accurate information. Maclaurin's Account of Sir I. Newton's Philosophical Discoveries, 1775, should be mentioned. Ball's Short History of Mathematics, Cambridge, 1893, contains a valuable account of Newton's mathematical writings; Ball's Essay on Newton's Principia, Cambridge, 1893, gives a full account of the writing of the Principia, and contains letters not previously printed. Important collections of letters are to be found in Raphson's History of Fluxions, 1715; Rigaud's Corresp. of Scientific Men, repr. from originals in possession of the Earl of Macclesfield, Oxford 1841; Leibnitz's Math. Schriften, Berlin, 1849; Baily's Life of Flamsteed, London, 1835; Des Maizeaux' Recueil de diverses pieces sur la Philosophie, &c., Amsterdam, 1720 (2nd ed. 1740); and Birch's Hist. of Royal Society, 1756; Spence's Anecdotes, 1820; Stukeley's Memoirs (Surtees Soc.); Notes and Queries, 8th ser. vi. 384.]

NEWTON, JAMES (1670?–1750), botanist, born probably about 1670, graduated M.D., and subsequently, according to Noble, kept a private lunatic asylum near Islington turnpike (Biogr. Hist. of England, 