Page:Dictionary of National Biography volume 40.djvu/367

 Sidney and other men of influence at court. About 1572 the post of clock-master to the queen was promised him on the death of Nicholas Urseau (Ursiu, Veseau, or Orshowe). The latter had held the office under Queen Mary, and was reappointed to it by Queen Elizabeth. Newsam succeeded to the office before 1582. On 4 June 1583 he received, under the privy seal dated 27 May previous, ‘32s. 8d. for mending of clockes’ during the past year. With the post of clockmaker he combined that of clock-keeper; the two offices had been held by different persons in Queen Mary's reign, and Newsam appears to have been the first Englishman appointed as clock-keeper.

On 5 Aug. 1583 Newsam wrote ‘to the ryghte honorable his very speciall good ffriend Sr ffrancis Walsingham, knighte,’ beseeching him ‘to be mindfull unto her Matie of my booke concerninge my long and chargeable suite, wherein I have procured Sir Philipp Sidney to move you for th' augmentinge of the yeares (if by any meanes the same may be);’ i.e. probably for an extension of his lease of the house in the Strand. On 6 Sept. 1583, by letters patent, a lease for twenty-one years was granted to Newsam of lands ‘at Fleete in Lincolnshire, formerly the property of Henry, marquis of Dorset, late duke of Suffolk; also a water-mill at Wymondham, Norfolk, with fishings, &c., formerly property of the monastery of Wymondham … also all the weare of Llanlluney, co. Pembroke, and two garden plots lying in Firkett's Fields, in the parish of St. Clement Danes without Temple Bar,’ &c. The property in Pembroke had formerly belonged to Jasper, duke of Bedford. Newsam also owned lands in Coney Street, in the parish of St. Martin, York (will). He died before 18 Dec. 1593, when his will was proved by Parnell, his widow. Her maiden name was Younge, and he had married her at the church of St. Mary-le-Strand on 10 Sept. 1565. He left four children: William (born 27 Dec. 1570), Edward, Margaret, and Rose. Edward, ‘on condicion that he become a clockmaker as I am,’ was to have his father's tools, except his ‘best Vice save one, a beckhorne to stand upon borde, a greate fore-hammer, and [two] hand hammers, and a grete long beckhorne in my back shoppe;’ all these were to go to John Newsam of York, a clockmaker, and presumably a relative.

There is in the British Museum a striking clock made by Newsam, which is still in almost untouched condition. It is of gilded brass, richly engraved. It is very small, not more than four inches high, and contains a compass; it has, of course, no pendulum, and but one hand. It is signed ‘Bartilmewe Newsum.’ The case is divided into two stories, the going train being in the upper, and the striking train in the lower story. Both the trains are arranged vertically, so that the clock is wound from underneath. The wheels are of iron, or perhaps steel, the plates and frames being of brass. It has fusees cut for catgut, which are long, and only slightly tapered. The hand is driven directly from the going fusee at right angles, by means of a contrate-wheel. The escapement is of the verge kind, and it has no balance-spring.

The bequests in Newsam's will confirm the evidence of his skill afforded by this clock. Mention is made there of ‘a strickinge clocke in a silken purse, and a sonnedyall to stand upon a post in his garden;’ of ‘a cristall Jewell with a watch in it garnished with goulde;’ of ‘a sonnedyall of copper gylte;’ of ‘a watch gylte to shew the hower;’ of ‘a great dyall in a greate boxe of ivory, with two and thirteth poyntes of the compos;’ and of a ‘chamber clocke of five markes price.’

[Original Wardrobe Accounts of Queen Elizabeth; Pell Records; parish registers of St. Mary-le-Strand; Wood's Curiosities of Clocks and Watches; Pinks's History of Clerkenwell, ed. Wood; Nichols's Progresses of Queen Elizabeth.] 

NEWSHAM, RICHARD (d. 1743), maker of fire-engines, was originally a pearl-button maker, carrying on business in the city of London. He obtained patents for improvements in fire-engines in 1721 and 1725 (Nos. 439 and 479), but the specifications contain only a meagre account of the machine. His engines are, however, fully described and illustrated in Desaguliers's ‘Experimental Philosophy,’ 1744, ii. 505, where they are very highly spoken of. They were made long and narrow, so as to pass through an ordinary doorway, the pumps being actuated by levers worked by men at each side. At one end treadles were provided in connection with the levers, to enable several men to assist by standing with one foot on each, throwing their weight upon each treadle alternately. The engine was fitted with an air-vessel—but Newsham was not the inventor of that contrivance, as is sometimes said—and by a particular conformation of the nozzle he was enabled to deliver a jet of water at a very high velocity, and powerful enough to break windows. In the ‘Daily Journal’ for 7 April 1726 there is an account of a trial of one of his engines which threw water as high as the grasshopper