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  of J. H. Newman, during his life in the English Church, with a brief autobiography. The literature concerning the Oxford movement is very large; the most important works on it are, perhaps, the volume by Dean Church bearing that name; Dr. Liddon's Life of Dr. Pusey; Canon J. B. Mozley's Letters; T. Mozley's Reminiscences of Oriel; William Palmer's Narrative of Events; A. P. Perceval's Collection of Papers connected with the Theological Movement of 1833; Frederick Oakeley's Historical Notes on the Tractarian Movement; Newbery House Magazine, for October 1890 and April 1892; Edward George Kirwan Browne's History of the Tractarian Movement, 1856, republished in 1861 as Annals of the Tractarian Movement. Mark Pattison's Memoirs, Isaac Williams's Autobiography, Ornsby's Memoirs of James Robert Hope-Scott, Prevost's Life of Isaac Williams, Life of Blanco White, R. H. Hutton's Cardinal Newman, Memorials of Serjeant Bellasis, 1893, and Mr. T. W. Allies's A Life's Decision are also useful. For an adverse criticism of Newman's position Dr. Abbott's Philomythus, 1891, and his Anglican Career of Cardinal Newman, 1892, and F. W. Newman's contributions chiefly to the Early History of Cardinal Newman should be consulted. An article ‘Newman as a Musician,’ by E. Bellasis, appeared in the Month, 1891, and was separately published in 1892. Much interesting information regarding Newman's views as a catholic may be obtained from Mr. Wilfrid Ward's William George Ward and the Catholic Revival.]  NEWMAN, SAMUEL (1600?–1663), concordance maker, was born at Chadlington, Oxfordshire, about 1600. Towards the end of 1616, being then aged 16, he entered at Magdalen College, Oxford; he removed to St. Edmund Hall, and graduated B.A. on 17 Oct. 1620. Subsequently he held a small living in Oxfordshire; owing to his persistent nonconformity he was subjected to prosecutions, to avoid which he removed from place to place. After his seventh removal he resolved on emigration to New England. He settled as minister at Dorchester, Massachusetts, about the end of 1636; removed to Weymouth, Massachusetts, in 1638; and in 1644 became the first minister of Rehoboth, Massachusetts. There he died on 5 July 1663.

He published with his initials, ‘A large and complete Concordance to the Bible … according to the last Translation. First collected by Clement Cotton, and now much enlarged,’ &c., 1643, fol. (‘Advertisement’ prefixed by Daniel Featley [q. v.]); other editions are 1650, fol.; 1658, fol.; Cambridge, 1683, 4to; 5th edit. 1720, fol. The work is often called the ‘Cambridge Concordance,’ and has been erroneously described as the first concordance to the English Bible; the first (1550) was by John Marbeck or Merbeck [q. v.] Cotton's (1631) was the first concordance to the authorised version.

[Wood's Athenæ Oxon. (Bliss), iii. 648; Wood's Fasti (Bliss), i. 392; Cotton Mather's Magnalia Christi Americana, 1702, iii. 113 sq. (makes Banbury his birthplace); Allibone's Dict. of Engl. Lit. 1870, ii. 1413.] 

NEWMAN, THOMAS (fl. 1578–1593), stationer, son of John Newman, clothworker, of Newbury, Berkshire, was apprenticed to Ralph Newbury for eight years from Michaelmas 1578 (, Transcript of the Registers, ii. 87). He was made free of the Stationers' Company 25 Aug. 1586 (ib. ii. 698), and began business the following year. He published with Thomas Gubbin; the first entry to him was on 18 Sept. 1587 (ib. p. 475). In 1591 he brought out two impressions of the first edition of Sir P. Sidney's ‘Astrophel and Stella.’ The first and very faulty issue supplied an introductory epistle by Thomas Nash [q. v.] Samuel Daniel complained that Newman had improperly included twenty-eight poems of his in the volume (, Bibliogr. Account, 1865, i. 34–7). Newman's name is only to be found on about a dozen books. The last entry in the ‘Registers’ to him was on 30 June 1593 (, Transcript, ii. 633).

[Ames's Typogr. Antiq. (Herbert), iii. 1355–1356; Cat. of Books in the Brit. Mus. printed to 1640, 1884, 3 vols.] 

NEWMAN, THOMAS (1692–1758), dissenting minister, son of Thomas Newman (1665–1742), was born in 1692 in London. The father, a pious tradesman, born ‘in Cloth Fair near Smithfield, London, at the most malignant period of the plague in 1665,’ was apprenticed to a linendraper, and, being apprehensive that James II would deprive the protestants of their liberty and the scriptures, he transcribed the whole Bible into shorthand, sitting up two nights a week for six months to do it. This book is preserved in the Doctor Williams Library. He was ‘author of a small piece on the “Religion of the Closet,” or some such title.’

The son was educated ‘probably’ at Dr. Ker's academy at Highgate [see ]. On 9 March 1710 he matriculated at Glasgow University, but took no degree. Returning to London, he received his first ‘impressions’ under the presbyterian Dr. John Evans, to whose congregation (which met at Hand Alley, removing later to New Broad Street) his family belonged, and in 1718 he entered on ministerial work at Blackfriars as assistant to Dr. Wright. He was ordained at the Old Jewry (11 Jan. 1721), and his