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 that I was obliged to risk my life on an equal footing with such a man’ (Beresford Corresp. i. 23). On the revival of the catholic question in 1782 he spoke strongly against further concessions. ‘We have,’ he said, ‘opened the doors, and I wish we may not repent it, and that they will not make further demands’ (Parliamentary Register, i. 349). He appears to have regarded Grattan with some degree of jealousy, and not altogether to have approved of the munificent grant made to him by parliament. He strongly disapproved of Flood's renunciation agitation, on the ground that he did not make his amendments at the proper time. He was an advocate of protective duties, and, in order to bring the poverty of the country more forcibly before government, he moved in 1783 to limit supplies to six months. For the same reason he also opposed the proposal to increase the salary of the secretary to the lord-lieutenant. He took part in the volunteer convention, and in parliament supported Flood's Reform Bill. He scouted the idea that the bill was an attempt to overawe parliament. ‘The county of Dublin,’ he declared ‘was not a military congress, and yet it had instructed him on the subject of a parliamentary reform’ (ib. ii. 239). In February 1784 he moved an amendment to the address in favour of protecting duties, but it was rejected without a division. During 1785 he suffered much from ill-health, but was able to take part in the debate on the commercial propositions, which, as being a friend to both countries, he wished had never been moved. He continued to advocate moderate reforms, such as a repeal of the police law, a place and pension bill, and an equitable adjustment of tithes; but as time went on he lost much of his old enthusiasm. The constitution, he said in 1792, required some improvement, but the times were unpropitious to the experiment. As for granting the elective franchise to the catholics, he was ‘confident that such a privilege would entirely destroy the protestant establishment in church and state’ (ib. xii. 190). He did not sit in the last parliament, but he was known to regard the scheme of the union with favour. He died at Retiero, near Blackrock, Dublin, on 2 Oct. 1814.

He married in February 1754 Grace Anna, daughter of Sir Charles Burton, and had issue eighteen children. His son, Robert O'Callaghan Newenham, was author of ‘Picturesque Views of the Antiquities of Ireland,’ London, 1830, 2 vols. 4to. His nephew, Thomas Newenham, is noticed separately.

[Burke's Landed Gentry; Ann. Register, 1814; Beresford Corresp.; Irish Parl. Register; Plowden's Historical Review; Barrington's Historic Anecdotes, ii. 89; Addit. MSS. 33118, 33119*; Froude's English in Ireland; Lecky's Hist. of England; Hist. MSS. Comm. 13th Rep. App. viii.] 

NEWENHAM, FREDERICK (1807–1859), portrait-painter, born in 1807, appears to have been a member of the family of Newenham residing in co. Cork. He practised in London as an historical and portrait painter, and exhibited in 1838, at the Royal Academy, ‘Parisina.’ He was selected in 1842 to paint a portrait of Queen Victoria for the Junior United Service Club (exhibited at the Royal Academy in 1844), and also a companion portrait of the prince consort. Subsequently he became a fashionable painter of ladies' portraits, some of which, with occasional subject pieces, he exhibited at the Royal Academy and British Institution. Newenham died on 21 March 1859, aged 52.

[Redgrave's Dict. of Artists; Graves's Dict. of Artists, 1760–1880; Gent. Mag. 1859, i. 548.] 

NEWENHAM, JOHN (d. 1382?), chamberlain of the exchequer, probably came of the Newenhams of Northamptonshire; he may be the John de Newenham who was rector of St. Mary-le-Bow in 1350 (, Repertorium, i. 439). In 1352 he was incumbent of Stowe, and in 1353 of Ecton, both in Northamptonshire. In 1356 he acted on behalf of the prior and convent of Newenham or Newnham, Northamptonshire (Cal. Inquis. post mortem, ii. 284); and in 1359 he became prebendary of Bishopshill in Lichfield Cathedral (, i. 589). Next year he was made prebendary of Leighton Manor in Lincoln Cathedral (his name is not given in, ii. 176, as being illegible in the register, but Cal. Rot. Chartarum, p. 185, settles the difficulty); in 1363 Richard de Ravenser [q. v.], provost of St. John of Beverley, granted to Newenham the advowson of the church at Ecton, which Newenham in 1367 disposed of to the abbot and convent of Lavenden in Buckinghamshire. In 1364 he received the prebend of Stotfold, Lichfield Cathedral, and rectory of Lillingstone Dayrell, Buckinghamshire, and in the following year was appointed chamberlain of the exchequer. In 1369 he was ordered with two others to test certain plate made for the Earl of Salisbury (, Fœdera, iii. 858). During the following year he was at Portsmouth and Southampton paying wages to men-at-arms and others, and drawing a salary of 10s. a day (, Issue of Rolls, pp. 255–6, 412). In 1371 he was rector of Little Bookham, Surrey