Page:Dictionary of National Biography volume 39.djvu/336

 the court of session, by whom he had two sons and four daughters. Many of the letters addressed to him and other papers are published with a portrait in the 'Caldwell Papers,' vols. ii. and iii.



MURE, WILLIAM (1799–1860), classical scholar, born at Caldwell, Ayrshire, on 9 July 1799, was the eldest son of William Mure of Caldwell, colonel of the Renfrew militia, and lord rector of Glasgow University 1793–1794, by his wife Anne, eldest daughter of Sir James Hunter Blair, bart., of Dunskey, Wigtownshire, and was thus grandson of William Mure [q. v.], baron of exchequer, and a descendant of the Mures of Rowallan (Caldwell Papers, i. 45, 46, &c.) He was educated at Westminster School (, Queen's Scholars, p. 474), at the university of Edinburgh, and afterwards in Germany at the university of Bonn. When he was about twenty-two he contributed to the 'Edinburgh Review' an article on Spanish literature (, Diary, v. 11). His first independent publication was 'Brief Remarks on the Chronology of the Egyptian Dynasties' (against Champollion), issued in 1829; (London, 8vo). It was followed in 1832 by 'A Dissertation on the Calendar and Zodiac of Ancient Egypt' (Edinburgh, 8vo). In 1838 Mure began a tour in Greece, leaving Ancona for Corfu on 17 Feb. He studied the 'topography of Ithaca, and visited Acarnania, Delphi, Boeotia, Attica, and the Peloponnese. He published an interesting 'Journal of a Tour in Greece and the Ionian Islands' in 1842 (Edinburgh, 8vo). His principal work, 'A Critical History of the Language and Literature of Ancient Greece,' was issued 1850-7, London, 8vo; 2nd edit. 1859, 8vo; it consists of five volumes, but deals only with a part of the subject, viz. the early history of writing, Homer, Hesiod, the early lyric poets and historians Herodotus, Thucydides, and Xenophon. It contains no account of the dramatists, orators, or any literature subsequent to 380 B.C. Mure also published 'The Commercial Policy of Pitt and Peel,' 1847, 8vo; 'Selections from the Family Papers [of the Mures] preserved at Caldwell,' Maitland Club, 1854, 8vo; 'Remarks on the Appendices to the second vol. 3rd edit, of Mr. Grote's History of Greece,' London, 1851, 8vo; and 'National Criticism in 1858' (on a criticism of Mure's 'History of the Literature of Greece'), London, 1858, 8vo.

Mure had succeeded to the Caldwell estates on his father's death, 9 Feb. 1831. He was, like his father, for many years colonel of the Renfrewshire militia, and was lord rector of Glasgow University in 1847-8. He was M.P. for Renfrewshire from 1846 to 1855 in the conservative interest, but seldom spoke in the house. He was created D.C.L. by Oxford University on 9 June 1833. He was a man of commanding presence, winning manners, and kindly disposition. He died at Kensington Park Gardens, London, on 1 April 1860, aged 60 (Gent. Mag. 1860, pt. i. p. 532).

Mure married, on 7 Feb. 1825, Laura, second daughter of William Markham of Becca Hall, Yorkshire, and granddaughter of Dr. Markham, archbishop of York, and had issue three sons and three daughters. The second son, Charles Reginald, became an officer in the 43rd light infantry. The eldest son, William, was lieutenant-colonel in the Scots fusilier guards, M.P. for Renfrewshire 1874-80, and died in 1880, leaving an only son William.

 MURFORD, NICHOLAS (fl. 1650), poet, belonged to a Norfolk family. One Peter Murford was in 1629 lieutenant of the military company of Norwich (, Norfolk, iii. 374), and was described in 1639 as a leading citizen of Yarmouth (cf. Cal. State Papers, 1639, p. 412). According to Nicholas's account, his father spent 13,000l. 'for the good of the Commonwealth An 1632' (Memoria Sacra, Ded.) Nicholas appears to have settled as a merchant at Lynn, and to have travelled largely for business purposes in Germany, France, and the Netherlands. Salt was one of the commodities in which he dealt, and he invented a new method of manufacture, which he described in ' A most humble declaration &hellip; concerning the making of salt here in England' (manuscript in All Souls Coll. Oxf. 276, No. 101). The Company or Corporation of Saltworkers was formed by royal letters patent about 1638 near Great Yarmouth to work the invention (Cal. State Papers, Dom. 1639, pp. 153-4). But the enterprise was not successful. On 1 Oct. 1638 Murford petitioned Charles I to prohibit the importation of foreign salt (cf. ib. 1638-9, p. 45); he complained that the saltworkers of North and South Shields had infringed his patent, and asked the government to arrange so that he could obtain coal from Newcastle at the same cost as it was supplied to the salt-workers at Newcastle or Hartlepool (ib. 1639-1640, p. 236). Murford sought to direct the 