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 sorting to the knife when all other treatment had failed. He proved himself a dexterous operator, and especially prided himself upon the manner in which he performed lithotomy. In his latter years Miller devoted much of his time to religious and social questions, and became an ardent advocate of temperance. He died on 17 June 1864, and is buried in the Grange cemetery in Edinburgh. In 1836 he married Penelope Garden Campbell Gordon, by whom he had issue.

He was author of: 1. 'Probationary Essay on the Dressing of Wounds,’ Edinburgh, 1840; his thesis for the fellowship of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh. 2. ‘Principles of Surgery.’ 3. ‘Practice of Surgery.’ These two works ran concurrently through several editions in Edinburgh and in America. They were edited for America by Dr. Sargent of Philadelphia. They appeared first in 12mo, Edinburgh, 1844 and 1846; 2nd edit. 8vo, 1850 and 1852; 3rd edit. 1853 and 1856. They were finally amalgamated into: 4. ‘A System of Surgery,’ Edinburgh, 1864. It is by these works that Miller became extensively known as a surgeon outside the university in which he taught. The articles on ‘Surgery’ in the 7th and 8th editions of the ‘Encyclopædia Britannica’ were from his pen. He wrote numerous pamphlets and addresses on social, religious, and professional topics.

There is a bust of Miller by Sir John Steell in the Medical Mission House, 56 George Square, Edinburgh.

 MILLER, JOHN (fl. 1780), architect, studied in Italy, and afterwards practised in London. He exhibited drawings of buildings, mostly in London, in the Royal Academy exhibitions between 1781 and 1787, during which years he resided in Westminster. The date of his death is not known.

He published: 1. Andrea Palladio's ‘Elements of Architecture, restored to its Original Perfection, with a Geometrical Explanation of its True Principles of Perspective,’ 28 plates, London, circ. 1748, 1759. 2. ‘The Country Gentleman's Architect … Designs for Cottages, Farm-houses,’ &c., 32 plates, London, 1787, 1797, 1800, 1805. ‘The Ruins of Pæstum or Posidonia, a Town of Magna Grecia,’ 4 plates, London, 1767, is also attributed to him. A drawn ‘Map of an Estate of Mr. Stephen Searson. Lying in Wetheringset in the County of Suffolk. Surveyed by John Miller, 1750’ (Addit. MS. Brit. Mus. 21057 E), may be his.

 MILLER, JOHN, otherwise (1715?–1790?), draughtsman and engraver, was born at Nuremberg about 1715, and studied there under J. C. Weigel and M. Tyroff. In 1744 he came to England with his brother Tobias, an engraver of architecture, and he passed the remainder of his life in this country, chiefly practising as an engraver. He signed his early works J. S. Müller or J. S. Miller, but after 1760 used the signature of John Miller. In 1759 and 1760 he was living in Maiden Lane, Covent Garden; in 1777 in Dorset Court, near Parliament Street; and in 1789 at 10 Vauxhall Walk, Lambeth.

In the preface to his ‘Illustration of the Sexual System’ Müller speaks of his own ‘early inclination to Botany,’ and ‘desire of rendering his Profession as an Engraver subservient to the Cultivation of his favourite Science;’ but though most of his work is faithful to nature and artistically excellent, Philip Miller [q. v.], Dr. Gowan Knight [q. v.], and Lord Bute are probably largely responsible for its scientific supervision. On 31 March 1759 he issued ‘Proposals for publishing one hundred prints, exhibiting a curious Collection of Plants and Insects by John Miller … Each Print will contain a Plant coloured from Nature, with the peculiar Insects which feed on [it] … The Plants will be classed under their proper Genera, according to the Botanick System of Mr. Miller of Chelsea (who has generously offered his kind assistance). … The Insects will be ranged as by Dr. Linnæus in his Systema Naturæ … This work will be published in Fifty Numbers, one … every Month. Each Number will contain Two … plates, with a half-sheet of letter-press, … Price Five Shillings. The first number on 10 May … If the Proprietor meets with Encouragement … he proposes to go through the whole Animal Creation according to the System adapted by Dr. Linnæus.’ Of this work, equal if not superior to the previously published ‘Plantæ et Papiliones’ of Ehret, only ten folio plates were published, with the letter-press to the first eight, the plates bearing date between May 1759 and April 1760.

Richard Weston, in his ‘Catalogue of English Authors on Agriculture’ (1773), notes, under 1770, that Miller then 