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 was confirmed in the rank 13 June 1815. This was his last service afloat. In 1816 he left England, with his old messmate in the Narcissus, [q. v.], on what proved to be a lengthened tour on the continent, and extended to Egypt, Syria, and Asia Minor, Their descriptive letters were privately printed in 1823, and were published as a volume of Murray's 'Home and Colonial Library' in 1844. Mangles was elected a fellow of the Royal Society in 1825, and in 1830 was one of the first fellows and members of council of the Royal Geographical Society. He was also the author of 'The Floral Calendar,' 1839, 12mo, a little book urging the beauty and possibility of window and town gardening; 'Synopsis of a Complete Dictionary ... of the Illustrated Geographically and Hydrography of England and Wales, Scotland and Ireland,' 1848, 12mo; 'Papers and Despatches relating to the Arctic Searching Expeditions of 1850-1-2,' 1852, 8vo; and 'The Thames Estuary, a Guide to the Navigation of the Thames Mouth,' 1853, 4to. He died at Fairfield, Exeter, on 18 Nov. 1867, aged 81.



MANGNALL, RICHMAL (1709–1820), schoolmistress, daughter of James Mangnall of Hollinhurst, Lancashire, and London, and Mary, daughter of John Kay of Manchester, was born on 7 March 1769, probably at Manchester, but the evidence on this point is inconclusive. On the death of her parents she was adopted by her uncle, John Kay, solicitor, of Manchester, and was educated at Mrs. Wilson's school at Crofton Hall, near Wakefield, Yorkshire, She remained there as a teacher, and eventually, on the retirement of Mrs. Wilson, took the school into her own hands, conducting it most successfully until her death on 1 May 1820. She was buried in Crofton churchyard.

Her 'Historical and Miscellaneous Questions for the use of Young People' was first published anonymously at Stockport in 1800, but she afterwards sold the copyright for a hundred guineas to Longmans, who for many years issued edition after edition of the book. It has also been published by different firms down to the present time, with additions and alterations by Cobbin, Pinnock, Wright, Guy, and others. Miss Mangnall also wrote a 'Compendium of Geography' in 1816, of which a second edition was published in 1832, and a third in 1829; and 'Half an Hour's Lounge, or Poems' (Stockport, 1805, 12mo, pp. 80). Her portrait in oils still exists, and an engraving of it appears in some modern editions of the 'Questions' ( in Journal of Education, 1889).



MANING, FREDERICK EDWARD (1812–1883), the Pākĕhā Maori, born 5 July 1813, was son of Frederick Maning of Johnville, co. Dublin, and grandson of Archibald Maning, a wealthy Dublin citizen. His father emigrated in 1824 to Van Diemen's Land. In 1833, attracted by love of adventure, Maning went off on a small trading schooner to New Zealand, which was not a British colony until 1841, and was then hardly open even to traders, though he found one or two other white men before him. His great stature, strength, and audacity, combined with good humour and vivacity, won the hearts of the Maoris, who soon installed him as a Pākĕhā Maori, i.e. to all intents a naturalised stranger. He acquired land of the Ngapuhi tribe at Hokianga, and settled at Onaki, where he won the entire confidence of the natives. He married a Maori wife and adopted to a great extent the customs of the tribe, seeking, however, to set an example of greater humanity. He was thus enabled to render considerable services to both sides in the wars of 1845 and 1861.

On 15 Nov. 1866, when the native lands court was established for settling questions regarding the title of lands as between Maoris under their own customs and traditions, Maning was appointed one of the judges, and took a prominent part in the proceedings of the court. Many of his judgments give a graphic account of the customs of the Maoris.

In 1881 he was compelled by painful disease to relinquish his judicial duties, and returned to Great Britain in the hope of a cure, but died in London 25 July 1883. His body was by his own desire taken out to New Zealand for burial. His bust stands over the door of the Institute Library at Auckland.

Maning was the author of:
 * 1) 'Old New Zealand,' the best extant record of Maori life, 2nd edit. 1863.
 * 2) 'The History of the War in the North with Heke in 1845.' Both were republished in 1876. with a preface by the Earl of Pembroke.



MANINI, ANTONY (1750–1786), violinist, belonged, it has been conjectured, to the Norfolk family of Mann, and italianised 