Page:Dictionary of National Biography volume 36.djvu/320

 (separate guides to Windermere and Keswick also published).  'The Factory Controversy, a Warning against "Meddling Legislation,"' 1855.  'Corporate Traditions and National Rights, Dues on Shipping,' 1857.  'British Rule in India, an historical sketch,' 1857.  'Suggestions towards the Future Government of East India,' 1858.  'England and her Soldiers,' 1859, written to help Miss Nightingale.  'Health, Husbandry, and Handicraft,' 1861, an account of her 'farm of two acres.'  'Biographical Sketches' (from the 'Daily News,' 1869. 'Letters from Ireland' in the same paper were reprinted in 1852).

 MARTINEAU, ROBERT BRAITHWAITE (1826–1869), painter, born in Gailford Street, London, on 19 Jan. 1826, was son of Philip Martineau, taxing-master to the court of chancery,and Elizabeth Frances, his wife, daughter of, M.D. [q. v.] Martineau was educated at University College, London, and, being intended for the legal profession, was articled to a firm of solicitors. He, however, abandoned the law to follow his predilection for art, and became a pupil in the school of [q. v.] In 1848 he was admitted a student at the Royal Academy, where he obtained a silver medal for a drawing from the antique. He then became a pupil of Mr. W. Holman Hunt, in the latter's studio at Chelsea. In 1852 he exhibited for the first time at the Royal Academy, sending ‘Kit's Writing Lesson’ (afterwards the property of Mr. C. Mudie), and subsequently ‘Katharine and Petruchio’ (1865), ‘Picciola’ (1856), ‘The Allies’ (1861), ‘The Last Chapter’ (1863), ‘The Knight's Guerdon’ (1864), and other small pictures; but his time was chiefly occupied on a large picture of his own invention, entitled ‘The Last Day in the Old Home,’ which was exhibited at the International Exhibition of 1862, and was the subject of much comment at the time. Afterwards he began an important picture, ‘Christians and Christians,’ but died of heart disease on 13 Feb. 1869. An exhibition of his pictures and drawings was held in the following summer at the Cosmopolitan Club, Charles Street, Berkeley Square. Martineau married in 1865 Maria, daughter of Henry Wheeler of Bolingbroke House, Wandsworth, by whom he left one son and two daughters.

 MARTYN. [See also, and .]  MARTYN, BENJAMIN (1699–1763), miscellaneous writer, born in 1699, was eldest son of Richard Martyn of Wiltshire, and nephew of Edward Martyn, professor of rhetoric at Gresham College, and of the economist [q. v.] His father was at first in business as a linendraper, but was afterwards made a commissioner of the stamp duties by Lord Godolphin, and died at Buenos Ayres, whither he had gone as agent for the South Sea Company. A ‘Relation’ of his voyage thither and expedition to Potosi was published in 1716 (12mo). Benjamin was educated at the Charterhouse, and became examiner of the out-ports in the custom-house (, Lit. Anecd. vxxx. 719). He also acted as secretary to the Society for Establishing the Colony of Georgia, of which he published an account in 1733.

Martyn became an original member of the Society for the Encouragement of Learning, founded in May 1736 (ib. ii. 93). He was the first promoter of the design for erecting a monument to the memory of Shakespeare in Westminster Abbey, and the scheme was carried into effect by him, with the assistance of Dr. Richard Mead, Alexander Pope, and others, on the profits of a performance of Shakespeare's 'Julius Cæsar' at Drury Lane on 28 April 1738,for which he wrote a special prologue (printed in A General Dictionary, 1739, ix. 189). He died unmarried at Eltham, Kent, on 25 Oct. 1763 (Probate Act Book, P. C. C. 1763). and was buried on the 31st in Lewisham churchyard (, Environs, iv. 623, 528). According to his epitaph he was ‘a man of inflexible integrity, and one of the best bred men in England; which, with a happy genius for poetry, procured him the friendship of several noblemen.’ He made frequent tours on the continent, and brought back many additions to his art collections in his loggings in Old Bond Street (will P. C. C. 479, Cæsar).

About 1734 the fourth Earl of Shaftesbury engaged Martyn to compose a life of the first earl from the family papers; but<section end="Martyn, Benjamin" />