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  to set out for Ireland, but fell ill, and died in St. Isidore's at Rome on 22 Sept. There he was buried, and John O'Neill raised a monument over his grave. The epitaph is printed in Harris's edition of Ware. He lived long enough to declare that there were many irregularities among the Regulars of Ireland, but that he hoped to effect the reform that was needed by gentle means, as became one who was a shepherd and no despot (Spicilegium Ossoriense, i. 142).

MacCaghwell was an ascetic, who interpreted his great founder's rule in the strictest way. His life's work was teaching and writing. As a loyal Franciscan he sided with Duns Scotus against the Dominicans Bzovius and Jansen, and he laboured hard to prove that the subtle doctor was an Irishman.

MacCaghwell's works are: Harris says all MacCaghwell's notes on ‘Duns Scotus’ are to be found in Wadding's edition of that writer, 12 vols. Lyons, 1639, fol.
 * 1) A treatise, with a title in Irish, ‘Scathan sacrameinte na haithridhe,’ signifying ‘A Mirror of the Sacrament of Penance,’ and described in Latin as ‘Tractatus de Pœnitentiâ et Indulgentiis,’ Louvain, 1618, 12mo.
 * 2) ‘Scoti Commentaria in quatuor libros sententiarum, &c., nunc noviter recognita per H. Cavellum,’ Antwerp, 1620, fol.
 * 3) ‘Apologia pro Johanne Duns-Scoto adversus Abr. Bzovium,’ out of which grew:
 * 4) ‘Apologia Apologiæ pro Johanne Duns-Scoto,’ &c., Paris, 1623, 8vo.
 * 5) ‘Scoti Commentaria seu Reportata Parisiensia,’ and ‘Quæstiones Quodlibetales,’ printed with the last named.
 * 6) ‘Quæstiones in Metaphysicam,’ &c., Venice, 1625.



MACCALL, WILLIAM (1812–1888), author, born at Largs, Ayrshire, on 23 Feb. 1812, was eldest son of John Maccall, a tradesman of good position, by his wife, Elizabeth Murdoch. He was destined for the presbyterian ministry, and entered Glasgow University in 1837, graduating M.A. in 1833, He then passed two years in a theological academy at Geneva, but, becoming a unitarian, he joined the ministry of that church. He officiated at Bolton, Lancashire (1837–1840), and Crediton, Devonshire (1841–6). Coming to London in 1846, he lived first at 4 Carburton Street, and preached, lectured, and wrote for the press. John Stuart Mill gave him introductions to the 'Spectator' and the 'Critic;' he also wrote for the 'Gentleman's Magazine.' Afterwards he lived in various suburbs of London, and in 1861 settled at Bexley Heath, where he died on 19 Nov. 1888. He had married on 3 March 1842 Alice, daughter of John Haselden of Bolton. She died on 17 April 1878, and left one daughter, Elizabeth. Maccall, whose life was a long struggle with poverty, was a good linguist, and was of independent character. He knew Carlyle, and perhaps derived from his writings those principles of individualism, which were the basis of his system of ethics. He published He also translated Letourneau's 'Biology,' London, 1877, 8vo, and pamphlets.
 * 1) 'The Agents of Civilization,' London, 1843, 12mo.
 * 2) 'The Education of Taste,' 1846, 8vo.
 * 3) 'The Elements of Individualism,' 1847, 8vo.
 * 4) 'National Missions,' 1855, 8vo.
 * 5) 'Foreign Biographies,' 2 vols. 1873, 8vo.
 * 6) 'The newest Materialism,' 1873, 8vo.
 * 7) 'Russian Hymns,' 1879, 8vo. A collection of anti-Russian ballads.
 * 8) 'Christian Legends,' 1881, 8vo.
 * 9) 'Moods and Memories,' 1885, 8vo. A volume of verses.



MACCARTAIN, WILLIAM (fl. 1703), Irish poet, was of an Ulster family, but was born in Munster at Doon, co. Cork. He was a fervent catholic and royalist. He wrote on 14 July 1700 a poetical address to Sir James FitzEdmond Cotter (Egerton MS. 154 in British Museum), which contains, as has been pointed out by Standish Hayes O'Grady, the true name of the slayer of [q. v.] at Lausanne on 11 Aug. 1664. Thomas MacDonnell, the name given in the English accounts, was a pseudonym circulated to avoid discovery, and this Sir James FitzEdmond Cotter, in Irish Sémus mac Emoinn Mhic Choitir, who lived safely in Munster till after 1700, was well known in his own country to be the real man who killed Lisle. The address praises the valour and the generosity to literary men of this popular hero. On 29 Dec. 1701 MacCartain wrote a poetical epistle to John Baptist MacSlevin, the catholic bishop of Cork, Cloyne, and Ross, thanking him for the loan of a book of old Irish literature, beginning ‘A leabhair bhig trath do dhail dam sult ar fhiannaib’ (‘O little book that for a while hast afforded me amusement about the Fianna’). The bishop was afterwards banished on 27 Feb. 1703, under a provision in the penal laws then in full force, and went to Portugal. MacCartain composed two poems on his exile (all three in