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 arrest. On 25 Jan. 1808 he was tried at Sydney for high misdemeanours. The next day Major George Johnston, of Macarthur's old corps, arrested the governor, and Macarthur, having been honourably acquitted, became secretary to the provisional government. When Johnston returned to England for trial, Macarthur accompanied him, and gave evidence at the court-martial in 1811. His request at its conclusion to return to Sydney was refused. After the peace he studied the cultivation of the vine and olive, chiefly in France, and returned to London in May 1816. He was honourably sent out to the colony in a transport in 1817, and at Camden he planted the first vineyard in the colony. In 1825 Macarthur was elected a member of the first legislative council of New South Wales. His health suffered after the sudden death of his son John, and he retired in 1831. He died at Camden, 10 April 1834. A portrait of him appears in the ‘Australian Portrait Gallery,’ and a memorial window was placed in the cathedral church of St. Andrew, Sydney, by his son, Sir Edward Macarthur. Macarthur was impetuous in disposition, but a man of great energy and foresight. The great improvement which he introduced in the breed of Australian sheep practically created the trade in Australian wool, of which over 331,000,000 pounds are annually imported into England. To him is also due the foundation of the Australian wine trade.

Macarthur married, in 1788, Elizabeth, daughter of R. Veal of Judgeworthy, Devonshire. By her he had four sons and three daughters, of whom Sir Edward Macarthur [q. v.], the eldest son, is separately noticed. (1794–1831), the second son, born 1794, graduated B.A. 1817, and proceeded M.A. 1823 from Caius College, Cambridge. He was called to the bar, and had just been appointed chief justice of New South Wales when he died, unmarried, in 1831.

(1798–1867), the third son, was born at Camden in 1798. He was educated at home and in England, and in 1815 travelled on the continent with his father, returning to the colony in 1817. He took part in his father's agricultural enterprises, and frequently visited England. In 1840 he engaged in the exploration of Gippsland. In 1839, 1848, and 1851 he was elected a member of the legislative council; in 1853 he moved the resolution empowering the representatives of New South Wales to advocate the New Constitution Act in England. In 1860 he was a member of the international statistical congress in London, and served as commissioner for New South Wales at the exhibition of 1862. He returned to Sydney, and died 21 April 1867. He had married in 1838 Emily, second daughter of Henry Stone of Lombard Street, and left a daughter. He published, London, 1838, 8vo, ‘New South Wales, its Present State and Future Prospects.’

(1800–1882), the fourth son, was born at Parramatta in December 1800. He assisted his father in his various projects, and in 1839, to improve the vine culture at Camden, brought over six German vine-dressers. In 1849 and 1864 he was elected member of the legislative council. He was a representative commissioner for the colony of New South Wales at the Paris exhibition of 1855, and at its close was knighted and made an officer of the Legion of Honour. He visited England in 1862, having assisted in collecting colonial objects for the exhibition of that year. He died unmarried 29 Oct. 1882.

(1788–1861), son of James Macarthur, and nephew of John Macarthur, was born at Plymouth, England, 16 Jan. 1788. He emigrated to New South Wales in 1805, and assisted his relatives in the wool trade, visiting China and England in 1808–12. He was police-magistrate at Parramatta, and was elected member of the legislative council in 1843. He afterwards returned to England, and died at Norwood, Surrey, on 6 March 1861. He had married in 1812 Anna Maria, eldest daughter of Philip Gidley King.

 McARTHUR, JOHN (1755–1840), author, born in 1755, entered the navy in 1778 as assistant clerk on board the Eagle on the North American station. When the Eagle came home McArthur was moved into the Rattlesnake cutter, and on 22 March 1779 was promoted to be purser of her, for his gallantry in boarding a French privateer in an engagement off Havre on 14 March (cf., Naval and Military Memoirs, iv. 556). In November the Rattlesnake lent her small assistance to the Tartar in capturing the Spanish frigate Santa Margarita (ib. iv. 561), and on the prize being commissioned in the English navy, McArthur was promoted to be her purser. During the war he was often stationed to observe signals, and had thus the many defects of the system then in use forced on his notice. He was also called on in the