Page:Dictionary of National Biography volume 34.djvu/261

 and is commemorated in a tablet on the south wall of St. Mary's. The ‘Gentleman's Magazine,’ 1788, pt. i. p. 461 chronicles the sale by auction of his instruments and models, which are said to have been very valuable.

Of a numerous family only two sons survived him; of these the elder, (1775–1810), after serving an apprenticeship to a printer, entered the service of the Sierra Leone Company, and going out to the colony became a member of the council, and finally governor. He retired from the latter office in 1807, when the company's rights were ceded to the British government, and was commissioned to explore the neighbouring coast of Africa. He died on board the Crocodile frigate at Sierra Leone 25 July 1810 (Gent. Mag. 1810, ii. 386–7).

Ludlam appears to have contributed in early life to the ‘Monthly Review,’ but most of his writings fall within the period of his residence at Leicester. His ‘Rudiments of Mathematics’ (1785) became a standard Cambridge text-book, passed through several editions, and was still in vogue in 1815 (, Univ. Studies, p. 76). His ‘Essay on Newton's Second Law of Motion’ (1780), suggesting instead thereof an explicit statement of the physical independence of forces, was rejected by the Royal Society. His other publications were:
 * 1) ‘Astronomical Observations made in St. John's College, 1767 and 1768, with an Account of Several Astronomical Instruments,’ 1769.
 * 2) ‘Two Mathematical Essays; the first on Ultimate Ratios, the second on the Power of the Wedge,’ 1770.
 * 3) ‘Directions for the Use of Hadley's Quadrant, with Remarks on the Construction of that Instrument,’ 1771.
 * 4) ‘The Theory of Hadley's Quadrant, or Rules for the Construction and Use of that Instrument demonstrated,’ 1771.
 * 5) ‘An Introduction to and Notes on Mr. Bird's Method of Dividing Astronomical Instruments,’ 1786.
 * 6) ‘Mathematical Essays on (i.) Properties of the Cycloid, (ii.) Def. i.; Cor. i. Prop. x.; Cor. i. Prop. xiii. of Book I. of Newton's Principia,’ 1787.

He contributed to the ‘Gentleman's Magazine’ in 1772 (pt. i. p. 562) ‘A Short Account of Church Organs,’ and in the ‘Philosophical Transactions’ of the Royal Society appear the following papers by him: ‘Account of a New-constructed Balance for the Woollen Manufacture’ (lv. 205), 1765; ‘Principal Properties of the Engine for Turning Ovals in Wood or Metal and Drawing Ovals on Paper’ (lxx. 378), 1780; ‘Observations on the Transit of Venus and Eclipse of the Sun at Leicester, June 1769’ (lix. 236); ‘Occultation of ζ Tauri’ (lx. 355), 1770; ‘Determination of Latitude of Leicester’ (lxv. 366), 1775; ‘Eclipse of the Sun at Leicester, 1778’ (lxviii. 1019).

He was also the author of ‘Four Theological Essays on the Scripture Metaphors and other Subjects,’ 1787, and ‘Two Essays on Justification and the Influence of the Holy Spirit,’ 1788. These essays, with four others by him, are published in ‘Essays, Scriptural, Moral, and Logical,’ by W. and T. Ludlam, 2 vols. 1807. In the two essays which were issued in the year of his death appear strictures on certain passages in Joseph Milner's ‘Tract in Answer to Gibbon.’ Joseph Milner's brother Isaac, dean of Carlisle, replied after Ludlam was dead in the preface to an edition of Joseph Milner's sermons, 1801 (ci, cii), and handled Ludlam very severely. These strictures were answered in a second edition of the ‘Essays,’ 1809. 

LUDLOW, EDMUND (1617?–1692), regicide, son of Sir Henry Ludlow of Maiden Bradley, Wiltshire, by Elizabeth, daughter of Richard Phelips of Montacute, Somerset, was born at Maiden Bradley, and matriculated at Trinity College, Oxford, 10 Sept. 1634, aged 17 (pedigree communicated by Mr. H. Ludlow Bruges;, Modern Wilts, ‘Heytesbury,’ p. 15). On 14 Nov. 1636 he took the degree of B.A., and in 1638 was admitted to the Inner Temple (, Alumni Oxonienses, 1500–1714). Sir Henry Ludlow represented Wiltshire in the Long parliament, and was one of the most extreme members of the popular party. On 7 May 1642 he was rebuked by the speaker for saying that the king was not worthy to be king of England (, Rebellion, v. 280, 441). Edmund Ludlow, moved by his father's persuasion and his own respect for the authority of the parliament, enlisted at the beginning of the civil war among the hundred gentlemen who formed the bodyguard of the Earl of Essex (Memoirs, i. 42, ed. 1698). He was present at the skirmish at Worcester (23 Sept. 1642), where the guard ran away, and at Edgehill (23 Oct. 1642), where it distinguished itself in a more honourable manner. At the close