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 the surrender of the castle, when Balcarres and Dundee waited on him, and persuaded him to hold out till he saw what the convention of estates intended to do (, Memoirs, p. 24). On the capture of a messenger from Ireland with letters to Balcarres from the king, Balcarres was seized and confined in his own lodging (Letter of Balcarres 27 June 1689 in Leven and Melville Papers, p. 92). His request for permission to live in England (ib.) was refused, and on account of further compromising letters sent to him by Melfort, he was confined for four months in the common gaol of Edinburgh (Memoirs, pp. 37–8). Soon after his release he became connected with the Montgomery plot for James's restoration, and on its discovery in 1690 he left the country. He landed at Hamburg, and while journeying to Holland, through Flanders, was seized by a party of banditti, who, however, agreed to free him on payment of a hundred pistoles, which he succeeded in obtaining from the jesuits at the catholic college of Douay. He proceeded to St. Germains, where he was well received by James, to whom he presented his ‘Memoirs touching the Revolution.’ On account of the misrepresentations of Melfort and others, he, however, found it necessary, after six months at St. Germains, to leave the court, and went to the south of France. Thence he sent an expostulatory letter to James. Ultimately the exiled king invited him to return; but he deemed acceptance of the invitation injudicious while the old favourites were in power, and after a year's sojourn in France finally settled with his family at Utrecht. Here he made the acquaintance of Bayle, Leclerc, and other learned men.

Ultimately, through the interposition of Carstares and the Duke of Queensberry, who wrote of him pityingly, as an ‘instance of the folly of Jacobitism’ (Carstares State Papers, p. 620), he was permitted towards the close of 1700 to return to Scotland. He was now in greatly impoverished circumstances, and although the Duke of Marlborough, an old friend and companion, obtained for him a rent-charge of 500l. a year for ten years upon the crown lands of Orkney, he was compelled by his necessities, before the ten years expired, to sell his rights there. In his extremity he wrote to Queen Anne, asking for the restoration of his pension of 1,000l. a year, of which he had been deprived at the revolution, and in all probability some allowance was made him. He was appointed a privy councillor in April 1705, and supported the union with England in 1707. But in 1715 he was unable to resist the invitation to join the Jacobite prince's standard, and he was one of the most zealous of his supporters. On the collapse of the rebellion, it was arranged, owing to the friendly interposition of Argyll and Marlborough, that on his surrendering he should be sent to his own house at Balcarres. He remained a prisoner there under the charge of one dragoon till the indemnity. He spent in retirement there the remainder of his life, finding a solace for his misfortunes in his love of art and letters. He had latterly so recovered his pecuniary position as to be able to purchase several good pictures by the Dutch masters and others, to add considerably to his library, and also to found the village which he named after himself Colinsburgh (, History of Fife). He died at Balcarres in 1722, and was buried there in the private chapel of the family.

Macky describes him in 1700 as ‘a gentleman of very good natural parts,’ with ‘abundance of application, handsome in his person, very fair, and towards fifty years old’ (Memoirs, p. 245). Circumstances were adverse to the useful employment of his undoubted abilities, but had the folly and infatuation of James II been less, he might have been successful with Dundee in retrieving the Jacobite cause. His ‘Memoirs touching the Revolution in Scotland,’ published originally in 1714, reprinted 1754, and again, more correctly by the Bannatyne Club, in 1841, are invaluable as a narrative of the proceedings and negotiations of the supporters of the king in 1688–90.

By his second wife, Lady Jean Carnegie, Balcarres had a daughter Anne, married to Alexander, first earl of Kellie, and afterwards to James, third viscount Kingston. By his third wife, Lady Jean Ker, only daughter of William, earl of Roxburgh, he had a son Colin, lord Cumberland, master of Balcarres, who died unmarried in 1708, and a daughter Margaret, who married John, earl of Wigton. By his fourth wife, Lady Margaret Campbell, eldest daughter of James, second earl of Loudoun, he had seven children, of whom four survived him—two sons, Alexander (d. 1736), fourth earl of Balcarres, and James, fifth earl, who fought with the Jacobites at Sheriffmuir, and afterwards under George II at Dettingen, and died 20 Feb. 1768, and two daughters, Eleanor, married to the Hon. James Fraser of Lonmay, Aberdeenshire, third son of William, eleventh lord Saltoun, and Elizabeth, who died unmarried. [Lord Lindsay's Lives of the Lindsays; Preface by Lord Lindsay to Balcarres's Memoirs (Bannatyne Club);