Page:Dictionary of National Biography volume 31.djvu/364

 He was a frequent contributor to the ‘Gentleman's Magazine.’ Nichols, in his ‘Literary Anecdotes’ (ii. 42 n.), acknowledges valuable help from Kynaston. The Latin inscription on the monument of Dr. Peter Francis le Courayer [q. v.] in Westminster Abbey was written by him. He also took an active part in behalf of Mary Blandy [q. v.]



KYNDER, PHILIP (fl. 1665), miscellaneous writer, born on 12 April 1597, was second son of William Kynder of Snenton, Nottinghamshire, by Katherine, daughter of William Dunn of Nottingham (Reliquary, xv. 167). He was educated at Pembroke Hall, Cambridge, graduated B.A. in 1615–1616, and received a license to practise physic (Notes and Queries, 2nd ser. viii. 380). In 1620 he was practising at Leicester. He was at York when Charles I was preparing for his expedition against the Scots in 1640, and compiled a description of York Minster and of the coats of arms therein, but his notes were stolen, or perished at the plunder at Nottingham in 1643. In October 1643 he was employed at Oxford to draw the patent for creating Henry Hastings (d. 1667) [q. v.] (second son of Henry, earl of Huntingdon) Baron Loughborough, and was appointed an agent for all other affairs at court, but he complains of being ill requited for his services. For some years he received an annuity from Robert, earl of Kingston, which probably ceased at the latter's death in 1643. In 1654 he was in great distress, and had to remind various influential acquaintances of their promises to help him. These appeals he afterwards collected together in manuscript, under the title of ‘The Aqua-vitæ Bottle, or Letters Expostularie.’ He sought relief from his troubles in angling, and in the society of his friends Charles Cotton and Selden. Another of his favourite diversions was composing ornate Latin epitaphs on his deceased friends and relations. He raised an imposing cenotaph to his father's memory at Snenton (Reliquary, vol. xvi.) In August 1665 he was living at Nottingham. His wife was Elizabeth, daughter of John Barkley of Warwickshire.

Kynder's only known publication is entitled ‘The Surfeit. To A. B. C.’ [anon.], 8vo, London, 1656, reprinted by Philip Bliss in the appendix to his ‘Reliquiæ Hearnianæ.’ The authorship of this curious volume was long attributed to Philip King, archdeacon of Lewes (Gent. Mag. 3rd ser. xix. 220–1). He has verses before William Sampson's ‘Virtus post funera vivit,’ 1636; and in Latin before Sir John Beaumont's ‘Poems,’ 1629; and was a contributor to the collection of elegies on the death of Henry, lord Hastings of Ashby-de-la-Zouch, entitled ‘Lachrymæ Musarum,’ 1649 and 1650. He was also author of the Latin monumental inscription to Lord Hastings which is printed on a folded leaf bound up with the elegies. He wrote complimentary verses on Charles Cotton's ‘Poems.’ Kynder's ‘Booke,’ a collection of miscellaneous tracts, observations, letters, and poems by him, is preserved in the Bodleian Library (MS. Ashmol. 788). It contains eighty-six different pieces relating to theology, medicine, poetry and the drama, astrology, genealogy, mathematics, topography, stenography, and the universal character. He incidentally mentions that at the age of eighteen he wrote a Latin comedy or pastoral founded on Sir Philip Sidney's ‘Arcadia,’ entitled ‘Silvia.’ The most valuable piece in the collection, his quaint ‘Historie of Darbyshire,’ was transcribed in 1882 by the Rev. W. G. Dimock Fletcher, and printed in the ‘Reliquary’ (vol. xxii.)



KYNEWULF, CYNEWULF, or CYNWULF (fl. 750), Anglo-Saxon poet, flourished in the eighth century. All the poems, with certainty and uncertainty, ascribed to him are contained in two manuscripts: the ‘Exeter Codex,’ a volume of Anglo-Saxon poetry given by Leofric, bishop of Exeter, in 1046, to his cathedral library, where it still remains; and the ‘Vercelli Codex,’ a book of Anglo-Saxon poetry preserved in the cathedral library at Vercelli, where it was found and made known by Dr. Friedrich Blume in 1832 and 1834. Both these manuscripts are written in West-Saxon (the literary dialect) by hands of the tenth century. In 1840 J. M. Kemble in England (Archæologia, xxviii. 360–2) and Jacob Grimm in Germany (Andreas und Elene, ed. Grimm, Cassel) independently found that the runic letters interwoven with the text of ‘Crist’ and ‘Juliana,’ two of the Exeter pieces, and ‘Elene,’ one of the Vercelli, formed in each case the name of the author ‘Cynewulf.’ Professor A. Napier recently found ‘Cynwulf’ in ‘Fata Apostolorum,’ another Vercelli poem. With these four poems Cynewulf is now credited with certainty.

The ‘Crist,’ which fills sixteen leaves of the Exeter book, was first printed by Thorpe as fifteen separate poems. But Dietrich recognised that the pieces form a cycle on the three-