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 parsonages were built or rendered habitable; schools were established; the fabrics of the churches put in better repair, and the services conducted with greater regularity and solemnity. Confirmations were held more frequently and in a larger number of centres. The office of rural dean, which had become almost obsolete, was revived, and he was the first bishop to insist on his candidates for holy orders passing the voluntary theological examination of the university of Cambridge, thus carrying into effect a recommendation he had made as regius professor in 1819. Throughout his episcopal life he sought by his example to raise the character of his clergy. As bishop of Lincoln he resided at the old palace of the see at Buckden in Huntingdonshire till 1837, when that county was transferred to the diocese of Ely. He thereupon removed to the newly erected palace at Riseholme, near Lincoln. In 1848, on the death of Archbishop Howley, he was elected visitor of Balliol College, Oxford, though he belonged to the sister university, and he was chosen a fellow of the Royal Society.

Kaye did not take any prominent part in political matters; but he spoke and voted in favour of the repeal of the Test and Corporation Acts in 1828, and against the repeal of the disqualifying laws in the case of Roman catholics. He was an active member of the church commission, and published a letter to the Archbishop of Canterbury, defending the recommendations of the commissioners, and vindicating the usefulness of cathedral establishments. He delivered and published triennial charges from 1831 to 1852, discussing with calm judgment the chief ecclesiastical questions of the day. Under the signature of ‘Philalethes Cantabrigiensis’ he contributed papers to the ‘British Magazine,’ some of which attained wide celebrity. Of these the chief were ‘Remarks on Dr. Wiseman's Lectures’ (in January and February 1837), and the ‘Reply to the Travels of an Irish Gentleman in Search of a Religion’ (i.e. Tom Moore).

Kaye was always cautious in controversy, and was free from bitterness or exaggeration. Though a sound churchman his theological sympathies were rather with the evangelical than with the high church party. He was opposed to the revival of convocation, upheld the Gorham judgment on the baptismal question, and regarded the ‘Oxford Movement’ with suspicion. Kaye could not be called a missionary bishop, and towards the end of his life he was distanced in his useful reforms by younger members of the episcopal bench, but no prelate stood higher in the esteem of the English church at his death, which took place at Riseholme 18 Feb. 1853. He was buried in the churchyard of the church which he had built there at his own cost. He married in 1815, soon after his election as master of Christ's, Eliza, the eldest daughter of John Mortlock, banker, of Cambridge, by whom he had one son and three daughters. The son, William Frederic John Kaye, was appointed by his father's successor in the see archdeacon of Lincoln in 1863.

Kaye's ‘Nine Charges, with other Works,’ chiefly sermons and occasional addresses, were issued by his son in 1854. A collected edition of his works in eight volumes was published in 1888. The first five volumes contain his writings on the fathers, and the remaining three his sermons, charges, letters, and miscellanea, together with a memoir by Dr. James Amiraux Jeremie [q. v.]

A portrait by Lane is in the episcopal portrait gallery at Lincoln, and has been engraved.



KAYE, JOHN WILLIAM (1814–1876), military historian, born in 1814, was second son of Charles Kaye of Acton in Middlesex, sometime solicitor to the Bank of England. He was educated at Eton and at the Royal Military College, Addiscombe, and in 1832 went out to India as a cadet in the Bengal artillery. He resigned his position in the army in 1841, and devoted himself to literature. Remaining in India, he started the ‘Calcutta Review’ in 1844, and published a novel entitled ‘Long Engagements,’ but about 1845 returned to England to adopt a professional literary career. In 1856 he entered the home civil service of the East India Company, and on the transfer of the government of India to the crown, he succeeded John Stuart Mill as secretary of the political and secret department of the India Office. For his services in this capacity he was appointed a knight commander of the Star of India on 20 May 1871. Failing health obliged him to retire into private life in 1874, and he died at his residence, Rose Hill, Forest Hill, on 24 July 1876. Kaye married in 1839 Mary Catherine (1813–1893), daughter of Thomas Puckle, chairman of quarter sessions for Surrey; she died 23 Dec. 1893. His country residence was Cliff House, Laugharne, Carmarthenshire.

Kaye was a voluminous writer, and a constant contributor to periodical literature. In 1851 he published his ‘History of the War in Afghanistan,’ in two vols.; subsequent editions in three vols. appeared in 1858 and 1874. In 1852 he edited Buckle's ‘Memoirs of the Services of the Bengal Artillery,’ and