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 the chief secretaryship after the general election in April 1857, and thenceforth assumed a more independent position in the House of Commons. With Robert Lowe, afterwards Viscount Sherbrooke, he resisted the Reform Bill brought in by Mr. Gladstone in March 1866. John Bright, speaking on the second reading (13 March 1866), ascribed Mr. Lowe's hostility to Horsman's influence, and depicted Horsman retiring ‘into what may be called his political cave of Adullam, to which he invited every one who was in distress, and every one who was discontented.’ According to Bright Horsman's party, to which Bright's sobriquet of the ‘cave’ has since adhered, consisted only of himself and Mr. Lowe, but thirty-three liberal members voted against the second reading of the bill upon which the ministry was afterwards defeated in committee (18 June). Horsman maintained his independent attitude to the last. He best served the public by exposing jobs and other weak points in the ecclesiastical system.

He died at Biarritz on 30 Nov. 1876, and was buried there on 2 Dec. His wife, whom he married on 18 Nov. 1841, was Charlotte Louisa, only daughter of John Charles Ramsden, M.P., and sister of Sir John William Ramsden, bart., of Longley Hall, Huddersfield.

Horsman published: 1. ‘Speech on the Bishopric of Manchester Bill,’ 1847, two editions. 2. ‘Five Speeches on Ecclesiastical Affairs delivered in the House of Commons, 1847, 1848, and 1849.’ 3. ‘Speech on the Present State of Parties and Public Questions,’ 1861. His views and assertions were criticised in ‘Mr. Horsman's Statement respecting the Horfield Manor Lease,’ by J. H. Monk, bishop of Gloucester, 1852; in ‘Mr. Horsman's Motion in the House of Commons [on the institution of Bennett to vicarage of Frome], tested by Extracts from “Letters to my Children,”’ by the Rev. W. J. E. Bennett, 1852 (, 20 April 1852, pp. 895–916); and in ‘An Usurious Rate of Discount limits and prevents the Working Classes from obtaining Employment. Being a reply to Mr. Horsman,’ by R. Wason, 1866.

 HORSMAN, NICHOLAS (fl. 1689), divine, is stated to have been born in Devonshire and to have been the son of a minister. He matriculated at Magdalen College, Oxford, on 15 March 1653–4 (, Reg. Magd. Coll. i. 72–3), from which he removed in the same year to Corpus Christi College. He proceeded B.A. in January 1655–6, and M.A. in March 1658–9. After taking orders he became fellow, and in 1667 proceeded B.D. About two years later his mind became permanently affected, and an allowance was made him from the college. He resided for some time in Bath, and thence removed to Plymouth, where he was living in 1689. He wrote ‘The Spiritual Bee; or a Miscellany of Spiritual, Historical, Natural Observations and occasional Occurrences applyed in Divine Meditations,’ Oxford, 1662, 8vo, and Wood states that he made additions and corrections to Wheare's ‘Method of Reading History,’ Oxford, 1662.

 HORT, JOSIAH (1674?–1751), archbishop of Tuam, born about 1674, was the son of John Hort of Marshfield, South Gloucestershire. He was educated in London from 1690 to 1695 at the academy for nonconformist ministers kept by Thomas Rowe, apparently in Little Britain, London. It appears from Jeremy's ‘Presbyterian Fund,’ p. xi, that Hort's education was assisted by an exhibition from that fund. (Exhibitions were granted to students at Rowe's academy between 1690 and 1693.) Dr. Isaac Watts, one of Hort's fellow-students and lifelong friend and correspondent, described him as ‘the first genius in the academy,’ and dedicated to him his paraphrase from Martial in 1694. On the completion of his studies, Hort is said to have spent some time as pastor of a dissenting congregation at Newbury, but the records of the two nonconformist congregations there fail to support this. Cole mentions a report that Hort was a presbyterian teacher at Soham, Cambridgeshire. According to Murch's ‘Presbyterian and General Baptist Churches of the West,’ pp. 41 sq., Hort was assistant minister at Marshfield. But he soon conformed to the church of England, and entered Clare Hall, Cambridge, in April 1704. He left Cambridge without a degree in 1705. Being in the same year ordained deacon by Bishop More of Norwich, and priest by Bishop Simon Patrick of Ely, he was for sometime chaplain to John Hampden, M.P. for Buckinghamshire, and held in succession three benefices in Buckinghamshire. In 1709 he went to Ireland as chaplain to Earl Wharton, lord-lieutenant. He was nominated in 1710 by the crown to the parish of Kilskyre, diocese