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 the gold medal. In January 1795 he was appointed to the Tremendous, but in March was moved into the Venerable as flag-captain to Admiral Duncan. An accidental blow on the head compelled him to resign this command in September 1796; nor was he able to serve again till February 1798, when he was appointed to the Kent, again as flag-captain to Lord Duncan. On the surrender of the Dutch Texel fleet on 28 Aug. 1799, Hope was sent to England with the despatches, when he was presented by the king with 500l. for the purchase of a sword. He was shortly afterwards made a commander of the knights of St. John by the emperor of Russia, whose fleet had been co-operating with the English against the Dutch (, Naval History, ed. 1860, ii. 345). The Kent was then sent to the Mediterranean to join the fleet under Lord Keith, and in November 1800 received Sir Ralph Abercromby on board at Gibraltar, for a passage to Egypt. In the early operations of the campaign of 1801 Hope was present, but resigned his command on the Kent being selected by Sir Richard Bickerton as his flagship, and preferred to return to England. In 1800 he had been elected member of parliament for the Dumfries boroughs, and in October 1804 was returned for the county of Dumfries, which he continued to represent till 1830. In the summer of 1804 he commanded the Atlas in the North Sea, but was obliged by failing health to resign. From 1807 to 1809 he was one of the lords of the admiralty; in August 1812 he attained his flag, and from 1813 to 1818 was commander-in-chief at Leith; in 1815 he was nominated a K.C.B.; in August 1819 he became a vice-admiral; and from 1820 to 1828 was at the admiralty as a member of the board or of the council of the lord high admiral. He was nominated a G.C.B. in 1825, and in 1828 was appointed treasurer of Greenwich Hospital; when that office was abolished he became one of the five commissioners for managing the affairs of the hospital. In 1830 he resigned his seat in parliament. He died 2 May 1831.

Hope married: first, in 1792, the Lady Anne, eldest daughter of James, third earl of Hopetoun [q. v.], and by her had two daughters and four sons, of whom, Sir William James Hope-Johnstone, rear-admiral of the United Kingdom, died in 1878; and secondly, in 1821, Maria, dowager countess of Athlone, by whom he had no issue.

 HOPE-SCOTT, JAMES ROBERT (1812–1873), parliamentary barrister, born on 15 July 1812 at Great Marlow in Berkshire, was third son of Sir Alexander Hope [q. v.], and grandson of John Hope, second earl of Hopetoun. His mother was Georgina Alicia, third and youngest daughter of George Brown, esq., of Ellerton, Roxburghshire. Hope's childhood (from 1813 to 1820) was spent at the Royal Military College at Sandhurst, over which his father held command. He then went abroad with his parents and a tutor, William Mills, fellow of Magdalen College, Oxford, first to Dresden, afterwards to Lausanne, and finally to Florence. He thus acquired an intimate knowledge of German, French, and Italian. At Florence he was attacked by typhus fever, from the effects of which he suffered long afterwards. At Michaelmas 1825 he went to Eton, his tutor there being the Rev. Edward Coleridge. He matriculated at Christ Church, Oxford, 10 Dec. 1828. During the following year he visited Paris, and for several months resided at the house of the Duchesse de Gontant, who had charge of the children of the French royal family. He went into residence at Oxford in Michaelmas term 1829, and thought of reading for holy orders. On 15 Nov. 1832 he graduated B.A., receiving at the same time an honorary fourth class in literis humanioribus. On 13 April 1833 he was elected a fellow of Merton College. Early in 1835, abandoning his idea of the church, he studied law at Lincoln's Inn under John Hodgkin, a quaker, then eminent as a conveyancer, and under William Plunkett, a conveyancer of the Temple, and paid much attention to academical law and college statutes. On 24 Jan. 1838 he graduated B.C.L. at Oxford, and two days later was called to the bar at the Inner Temple. He proceeded D.C.L. 26 Oct. 1843. On 27 June 1838 he published anonymously a pamphlet entitled ‘A Letter to his Grace the Archbishop of Canterbury occasioned by a late meeting in support of the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts,’ 8vo. In the autumn of 1838, during the absence in Italy of his college friend, Mr. W. E. Gladstone, he saw through the press Mr. Gladstone's well-known work ‘The State considered in its Relations with the Church.’ In 1839 Hope projected, in association with another Oxford friend, Roundell Palmer, afterwards Earl of Selborne, ‘The History of Colleges,’ and published an address ‘To the Bankers, Merchants, and Manufacturers of England,’ urging the advantages of the religious education offered by the established church as opposed to the dissenters. At the request of a third Oxford friend, John