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 necessary to depend on either favour or bribery. Finding this impossible, he formed the design of propagating his principles by literature. He constantly spent several hundred pounds a year on the production and purchase of books and medals, large numbers of which he gave to various libraries, those of Harvard, Berne, and Zurich being especially favoured. He presented a portrait of Sir Isaac Newton to Trinity College, Cambridge, in 1761, and the well-known portrait of Oliver Cromwell by Cooper to Sidney Sussex College in 1764. His fondness for seventeenth-century republican literature, and his habit of having engravings and the covers of books decorated with daggers and caps of liberty, led to his being called a republican, but he only considered himself ‘a true whig,’ and adopted as his ‘faith’ Lord Molesworth's preface to Hotomanus's ‘Francogallia.’ He attended no church, and was consequently suspected of atheism, but his ‘Memoirs’ show him to have been a man of unusual piety. He led the life of a recluse, and he abstained not only from intoxicating liquors, but also from butter, milk, sugar, spices, and salt. In 1770 he left London, and retired to the seclusion of an old farmhouse on his property at Corscombe in Dorsetshire, where he died on 1 Jan. 1774. He was elected fellow of the Royal Society in 1757, and was also fellow of the Society of Antiquaries. He left his property to Thomas Brand, who took the name of Hollis. Visiting Lord Chatham at Lyme Regis in June 1773, he formed a high opinion of the ability of the boy William Pitt, and conversed with him so earnestly that Lord Chatham observed: ‘Between these two friends of liberty and virtue, not only the constitution of the state but the universal frame of nature was, I dare say, thoroughly discussed’ (Chatham Correspondence, iv. 269).

Hollis edited the following: 1. ‘Toland's Life of Milton,’ 1761. 2. ‘Sidney's Discourse concerning Government, with his Letters,’ &c., 1763. 3. ‘Neville's Plato Redivivus,’ 1763. 4. ‘Locke's Two Treatises on Government,’ 1764. 5. ‘Wallis's Grammatica Linguæ Anglicanæ,’ 6th ed., 1765. 6. ‘Locke's Letters concerning Toleration,’ 1765. 7. ‘Neville's Ladies' Parliament,’ 1768. 8. ‘Neville's Isle of Pines,’ 1768. 9. ‘Staveley's Romish Horse-leech,’ 1769. 10. ‘Sidney's Works,’ 1772. A letter, dated 21 Dec. 1762, from Hollis to Mr. Pitt, in the ‘Chatham Correspondence,’ ii. 200–3, and two letters from Hollis to Dr. Ward appear in ‘Letters of Eminent Literary Men’ (Camden Soc.) 

HOLLIS, THOMAS (1818–1843). [See, 1793–1842.]

HOLLOND, ELLEN JULIA (1822–1884), authoress and philanthropist, was born at Madras in 1822, her father being Thomas Teed, and her mother's maiden name Jordan. She was sent to England in her infancy, and her parents afterwards settled at Stanmore, Middlesex. In 1840 she was married to Robert Hollond, M.P. for Hastings from 1837 to 1852. Until his death in 1877 her salon in Paris, where she spent part of the year, attracted the leading liberals. Nowhere in Europe, according to M. de Pressensé, was there a more distinguished circle. It included Odilon Barrot, Montalembert, Rémusat, Mignet, Henri Martin, Laboulaye, Haussonville, Lanfrey, and Prévost-Paradol. Mrs. Hollond herself was a listener rather than a talker. Antipathy to the empire and to ultramontanism united royalists and republicans, liberal catholics and theists. Nassau Senior met Dufaure there in 1862 (, Conversations). In 1857 Mrs. Hollond published ‘Channing, sa vie et ses œuvres,’ Rémusat writing the introduction, and in 1862 ‘La vie de village en Angleterre.’ These appeared anonymously, but in 1870 she published under her own name ‘Les Quakers, études sur les premiers Amis et leur société.’ In 1846 she sat for the head of Monica in Ary Scheffer's picture of St. Augustine and his mother, and in 1852 he painted her portrait, now in the National Gallery. About 1844 Mrs. Hollond started the first crèche in London. She also founded an English nurses' home in Paris, with a branch at Nice; the latter is still in existence. She died at Stanmore Hall, 29 Nov. 1884. 

HOLLOWAY, BENJAMIN (1691?–1759), divine, born at Stony Stratford, Buckinghamshire, about 1691, was the son of Joseph Holloway, ‘brasiator’ (maltster), of that town. After passing through Westminster School, he was admitted a pensioner of St. John's College, Cambridge, on 4 Feb. 1707–8, under Dr. Anstey (College Admission Book), and went out LL.B. in 1713. He took holy orders. In July 1723, being then located at Bedford, he sent a letter to Dr. John Wood-