Page:Dictionary of National Biography volume 25.djvu/317

 :: from “Fraser's Magazine,” with Additions,’ London, 1868, 8vo.
 * 1) ‘The Second Armada: a Chapter of Future History,’ London, 1871, sm. 8vo.
 * 2) ‘John Stuart Mill, reprinted from the “Times” of 10 May 1873,’ 8vo (privately printed; Hayward also circulated a letter to the Rev. Stopford Brooke on the subject).
 * 3) ‘The Handwriting of Junius,’ reproduced from the ‘Times’ in a pamphlet by H. A. W. ‘The Evidence of Handwriting,’ Cambridge [U. S.], 1874, 8vo.
 * 4) ‘Goethe,’ London, 1878, sm. 8vo (in Mrs. Oliphant's ‘Foreign Classics for English Readers’).
 * 5) ‘Selected Essays,’ London, 1878, 2 vols. sm. 8vo (chosen from the three series No. 17).
 * 6) ‘Sketches of Eminent Statesmen and Writers, with other Essays reprinted from the “Quarterly Review,” with Additions and Corrections,’ London, 1880, 2 vols. 8vo (supplementary to No. 17).
 * 7) ‘A Selection from the Correspondence of Abraham Hayward, Q.C., from 1834 to 1884, with an Account of his Early Life, edited by H. E. Carlisle,’ London, 1886, 2 vols. 8vo.



HAYWARD, JOHN (1564?–1627), historian, was born about 1564 at or near Felixstowe, Suffolk, where he was educated. A portrait engraved by W. Hole, and published with Hayward's ‘Sanctuarie’ in 1616, bears above it the figures ‘52,’ apparently a reference to his age. He graduated B.A. 1580–1 and M.A. 1584 from Pembroke College, Cambridge, and afterwards proceeded LL.D. Early in 1599 he published an elaborate account of the first year of Henry IV's reign, including a description of the deposition of Richard II. It is entered on the ‘Stationers' Registers’ (ed. Arber, iii. 134), 9 Jan. 1598–9, and was dedicated (in Latin), in terms of extravagant laudation, to Essex, just before his appointment as lord deputy of Ireland. It was afterwards said that the manuscript had been in Essex's hand a fortnight before publication. The story of Richard II's deposition long exercised a mysterious fascination over Essex, and Essex's enemies at court easily excited the suspicion in the queen's mind that Hayward, under the guise of an historical treatise, was criticising her own policy and hinting at what might possibly befall her in the future. The suspicion was hardly justified. Hayward does not vindicate Henry IV, but fairly lays before his readers the arguments for and against his accession; and when dedicating to James I at a later date a treatise on the royal succession, he asserted that in his earlier work he had argued against the right of the people to depose their sovereign. It is certainly difficult now to detect any veiled reference to Elizabethan politics in the volume. Chamberlain, writing of its publication (1 March 1598–9), describes it as ‘reasonably well-written,’ and the author as ‘a young man of Cambridge toward the civil law;’ but he adds: ‘Here [i.e. in London] hath been much descanting about it, why such a story should come at this time, and many exceptions taken, especially to the Epistle [to Essex].’ Finally, Chamberlain says, directions were given for the removal of the dedication, in which he admits he failed to find anything objectionable (, Letters, Camd. Soc., pp. 47–8). Bacon declared that Essex wrote a formal letter to the Archbishop of Canterbury, desiring him to call in the book after it had been published a week. The queen, however, was not easily satisfied, and suggested to Bacon that there might be ‘places in it that might be drawn within case of treason.’ Bacon answered that Hayward had borrowed so many passages from Tacitus that there might be ground for prosecuting him for felony, but he could find no treasonable language (, Apophthegms, 58). Nevertheless Hayward was brought before the Star-chamber and imprisoned. The queen, obstinately adhering to her first impression, even argued that Hayward was pretending to be the author in order to shield ‘some more mischievous’ person, and that he should be racked so that he might disclose the truth. Bacon deprecated this procedure, but he appeared as counsel for the crown against Essex at York House (5 June 1600), and, to curry favour with the queen, urged that the earl had aggravated his offences by accepting Hayward's dedication. Reference was made to Essex's connection with the volume in the official ‘directions’ expounding Essex's crimes issued by the government to preachers during his imprisonment. 