Page:Dictionary of National Biography volume 25.djvu/295

 Hayes at the Theatre Royal, Dublin, in Lucia, when the Edgardo was so badly played that an uproar ensued, and Sims Reeves, one of the audience, took his place on the stage. Under Lumley's management Miss Hayes played Lucia at Her Majesty's Theatre, London, on 2 April 1850, but owing to illhealth and other causes she was seldom seen during the remainder of the season. At the carnival in Rome in 1851 she was engaged at the Teatro d'Apollone, and performed in 'Maria de Rohan' for twelve nights, and received the diploma of the Academia di Santa Cecilia. From Rome she returned to London, where during the season of 1851 she was the star of the concert-room and of the performances of the Sacred Harmonic Society, singing in the oratorios of Handel, Haydn, and Mendelssohn. Leaving England in September 1851, and first singing in New York on the 23rd of that month, she there, by the advice of William Avery Bushnell of Connecticut, an electioneering agent, forfeited 3,000l., and gave him the management of her tour. During 1853 she was in California, where fabulous sums were paid for the choice of seats, one ticket selling for 1,150 dollars. She then departed for South America, and after visiting the principal cities embarked for Australia. She gave concerts in the Sandwich Islands, and arrived at Sydney in January 1854. After singing in that city, Melbourne, and Adelaide, she went to India and Batavia; revisited Australia, and returned to England in August 1856, after an absence of five years. In 1856 she lost twenty-seven thousand dollars by the failure of Saunders & Brennon of San Francisco. On 8 Oct. 1857, at St. George's, Hanover Square, she married William Avery Bushnell. He soon fell into ill-health, and died at Biarritz, France, on 2 July 1858, aged 35. She appeared at Jullien's promenade concerts at Her Majesty's Theatre in 1857, when her ballad singing, the branch of art in which lay her greatest power, was much applauded. After her husband's death she took part in concerts in London and the country towns. She died in the house of a friend, Henry Lee, at Roccles, Upper Sydenham, Kent, on 11 Aug. 1861, and was buried in Kensal Green cemetery on 17 Aug. Her will was proved on 26 Aug., the personalty being sworn under 16,000l.

[Times. 13 Aug. 1861,p. 7 ; Illustrated London News, 6 Sept. 1851, pp. 285-6, with portrait; Era, 18 Aug. 1861, p. 10; Gent. Mag. 1861, ii. 331-2; Clayton's Queens of Song, 1863, ii. 274-96; Dublin Univ. Mag. November 1850, p. 684-95, with portrait; Chorley's Thirty Years' Recollections, 1862, i. 250-2; Tallis's Drawing-room Table-book, 1851, pp. 33-5, with portrait; You have heard of them. By Q., 1854, pp. 129-37; Lumley's Reminiscences of the Opera, 1854, p. 273; T. Allston Brown's American Stage, 1870, p. 167; Memoirs of Miss Catherine Hayes, the Swan of Erin, with portrait.]  HAYES, CHARLES (1678–1760), mathematician, born in 1678, was a member of Gray's Inn. In 1704 appeared his ‘Treatise on Fluxions, or an Introduction to Mathematical Philosophy,’ London, fol., the first English work explaining Newton's method of infinitesimals. After an introduction setting forth most of the chief properties of the conic sections with concise proofs, Hayes applies Newton's method clearly and systematically, first to obtain the tangents of curves, then their areas, and lastly to problems of maxima and minima. His preface shows a good acquaintance with the existing literature of the higher mathematics. In 1710 he printed a pamphlet, ‘New and Easy Method to find out the Longitude,’ and in 1723 ‘The Moon, a Philosophical Dialogue,’ proving that she is not opaque, but has some light of her own. Having made a voyage to Africa and spent some time there, he had considerable repute as a geographer, and was chosen annually to be sub-governor or deputy-governor of the Royal African Company. After applying himself for some years to the study of Hebrew, Hayes in 1736 published his ‘Vindication of the History of the Septuagint,’ and in 1738 ‘Critical Examination of the Holy Gospels according to St. Matthew and St. Luke,’ with regard to the history of Christ's birth and infancy. His studies were afterwards mainly directed to chronology, excepting occasional tracts written to defend the policy of the Royal African Company. In 1747 appeared his ‘Series of Kings of Argos and of Emperors of China from Fohi to Jesus Christ,’ to prove that their dates and order of succession agreed with the Septuagint, and in 1751 a ‘Dissertation on the Chronology of the Septuagint,’ a defence of the Chaldean and Egyptian chronology and history.

When the Royal African Company was dissolved in 1752, Hayes settled at Down, Kent, and became absorbed in his great work, ‘Chronographia Asiatica & Ægyptiaca,’ which he did not live to complete. Two parts of it only were published, and that during the last two years of his life, when he had chambers in Gray's Inn: first, ‘Chronographiæ Asiaticæ & Ægyptiacæ Specimen,’ and the second, subdivided into (1) ‘Origo Chronologiæ LXX interpretum investigatur,’ and (2) ‘Conspectus totius Operis exhibetur.’ Part of his argument is that the Seventy and Josephus made use of writings preserved in