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 desirable to make printed books open freely and lie flat; his attention is believed to have been drawn to this matter by seeing Bagster's polyglot bibles, which were bound by Joseph Welsh of 10 Queen Street, Golden Square, in what was known as ‘Bagster's Renowned Binding.’ These books were made flexible, and covered with purple pin-headed sealskin with a blind tool ornament. In his own binding he sewed the books all along every sheet, and to remedy the extra thickness that would be caused by sewing with thread, used silk, and to equalise the thickness rounded the fore edges more than was customary. To make the back tight he dispensed with the ordinary backing of paper, and fastened the leather cover down to the back. Still the constant opening of the book disfigured the grain of the leather, and to obviate this he introduced the cross or pin-headed grain, or what is now termed Turkey morocco. Works bound by Hayday became famous, and his name attached to a book raised its value twenty-five per cent. Edward Gardner of the Oxford Warehouse, 7 Paternoster Row, secured Hayday's services for the Oxford books exclusively. William Pickering, bookseller, of 57 Chancery Lane, gave him the benefit of his long experience, and introduced him to many wealthy patrons. After entering into a brief partnership with Mr. Boyce, ‘a finisher,’ he again started on his own account at 31 Little Queen Street. Unable to compete with other and cheaper binders, he was adjudicated a bankrupt on 10 June 1861.

He sold the use of his name to William Mansell, who succeeded to the bookbinding establishment. Retiring to St. Leonard's-on-Sea, Hayday died there on 19 March 1872, aged 76.



HAYDEN, GEORGE (fl. 1723), composer, was organist at the church of St. Mary Magdalen, Bermondsey. On 6 Jan. 1746 he was elected a member of the Madrigal Society. Hayden's music is distinguished by much dramatic feeling. His best known compositions are:
 * 1) ‘As I saw Fair Clora,’ a two-part song, the words by Waller [1710?].
 * 2) ‘Mad Tom,’ sung in character by Platt at Sadler's Wells.
 * 3) Three cantatas: ‘A Cypress Grove,’ ‘Thyrsis,’ and ‘Neptune and Amymome,’ London, 1723.
 * 4) ‘Welcome, Damon,’ with a symphony of two oboes and two violins [1720?].



HAYDN, JOSEPH (d. 1856), compiler of dictionaries, is well known as the author of the ‘Dictionary of Dates,’ 1841 (19th edition, 1889), and of the ‘Book of Dignities,’ 1851 (3rd revised edition, 1894). The ‘Book of Dignities’ was a modernised form of Beatson's ‘Political Index,’ but omits the lists of holders of many important offices. He also edited Lewis's ‘Topographical Dictionaries.’ His name is used in the ‘Haydn Series’ of dictionaries, which are on the same lines as those compiled by him. He does not, however, appear to have taken any part in their actual compilation. They are the ‘Universal Index of Biography,’ edited by J. B. Payne, 1870; ‘Bible Dictionary,’ edited by C. Boutell, 1871 (2nd edition, 1878); ‘Dictionary of Popular Medicine and Hygiene,’ edited by Dr. E. Lankester, 1874 (2nd edition, 1878). For a short time before his death, on 18 Jan. 1856, Haydn had been in receipt of a small pension of 25l. granted by the government. It was continued to his widow.



HAYDOCK, GEORGE LEO (1774–1849), biblical scholar, born on 11 April 1774, was youngest son of George Haydock of the Tagg, Cottam, near Wood Plumpton, Lancashire, by his second wife, Anne, daughter of William Cottam, gentleman, of Bilsborrow. He received his early education in a school kept by the Rev. Robert Banister at Mowbreck Hall, near Kirkham, and in 1785 was sent to the English College of Douay. At the beginning of the French revolution he effected his escape from Douay in August 1793, in company with his brother, Thomas Haydock [q. v.], and the Rev. William Davis, one of the minor professors. After a brief sojourn at Old Hall Green, near Ware, Hertfordshire, he went home on 3 Nov. 1794, remaining at the Tagg till January 1796, when he rejoined many of his old Douay companions in the college at Crook Hall, Durham. He was ordained priest on 22 Sept. 1798, and appointed general prefect and master of all the schools under poetry. These offices he held till 26 Jan. 1803, receiving only 5l. for his five years' work. On leaving the college he took charge of the poor mission of Ugthorpe, Yorkshire. In 1808 he began to write the notes for the new edition of the Douay Bible and Rheims Testament which was projected by his brother Thomas, and was completed in 1814. In July 1816 he was officially appointed to the mission of Whitby, but was still under the obligation of attending Ugthorpe. Quarrels with his superiors led to his removal on 22 Sept. 1830 to the