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 works at Chelsea. He then became a pupil of François Simon Ravenet, in whose studio at the same time was the unfortunate William Wynne Ryland. His plates in Bell's ‘Shakespeare’ and ‘British Theatre’ were among his earliest works, and by them he gained much reputation. In 1763 his name appears on the roll of the Free Society of Artists, but in 1766 he subscribed the roll declaration of the Incorporated Society of Artists of Great Britain, with whom he continued to exhibit until 1776. In 1785 he was appointed historical engraver to George III, in succession to William Woollett. His most important engravings were after the works of Benjamin West, P.R.A., and comprise ‘William Penn treating with the Indians for the Province of Pennsylvania,’ ‘The Death of the Duke of Schomberg at the Battle of the Boyne,’ ‘Oliver Cromwell dissolving the Long Parliament,’ ‘Venus relating to Adonis the Story of Hippomenes and Atalante,’ ‘Pyrrhus when a Child brought to Glaucias, king of Illyria, for Protection,’ ‘Moses,’ and ‘Of such is the Kingdom of Heaven.’ He also engraved ‘Timon of Athens,’ after Nathaniel Dance; ‘The Death of Captain Cook,’ after George Carter; ‘Thieves in a Market,’ and ‘Thieves playing at Dice,’ after John Hamilton Mortimer, and other plates, some of which were for the collection of Alderman Boydell. Besides these he executed several portraits, including those of Pope Clement IX, after Carlo Maratti; Edward Gibbon, Samuel Johnson, and Richard Brinsley Sheridan, after Sir Joshua Reynolds; Sir William Blackstone and George Colman, after Gainsborough; Admiral Lord Hawke, after Francis Cotes; Isaac Barré, after Gilbert Stuart; Bishop Warburton, after William Hoare; Shakespeare, from the Chandos portrait; Dr. John Jortin, after Edward Penny, and smaller portraits for the illustration of books. Hall, who ranks as one of the best historical engravers, died in Berwick Street, Soho, London, on 7 April 1797, and was buried in Paddington churchyard. There is a portrait of him by Gilbert Stuart in the National Portrait Gallery.

[Redgrave's Dict. of Artists of the English School, 1878; Bryan's Dict. of Painters and Engravers, ed. Graves, 1886–9; Galt's Life and Studies of Benjamin West, 1816–20; Pye's Patronage of British Art, 1845.]  HALL, JOHN, M.D. (1795–1866), army surgeon, born in 1795 at Little Beck, Westmoreland, was the son of John Hall of that place by Isabel, daughter of T. Fothergill. On leaving the grammar school of Appleby he applied himself to medicine, attending Guy's and St. Thomas's Hospitals, and graduated M.D. at St. Andrews in 1845. In June 1815 he entered the army medical service as hospital assistant, and joined the forces in Flanders. His next active service was in Kaffraria in 1847 and 1851 as principal medical officer. He held the same rank in the Crimea from June 1854 to July 1856, without a day's absence from duty, and was present at numerous engagements. He was mentioned in despatches, and made K.C.B., officer of the Legion of Honour, and 3rd class of the Medjidie. He then retired on half-pay, with the rank of inspector-general of hospitals, and died at Pisa on 17 Jan. 1866. In 1848 he married Lucy Campbell, daughter of Henry Hackshaw, and widow of Duncan Sutherland of St. Vincent, West Indies.

His writings are two pamphlets, 1857 and 1858, defending the army medical officers in the Crimea from the reflections on them in the report of the sanitary commission which was sent out. Hall contends that the insanitary state of the army had been in great part remedied before the commission got to work, that the members of the latter accomplished little, and that what little they accomplished was effected with an amount of difficulty that should have taught them more consideration for their brethren of the military profession, who were less fortunately situated, and were hampered by the exigencies and discipline of the service.

[Gent. Mag. 1866, i. 444; Lancet, 27 Jan. 1866.]  HALL, JOHN VINE (1774–1860), author of ‘The Sinner's Friend,’ was born on 14 March 1774 at the town of Diss, Norfolk. His father had been a man of property, but had lost it. At eleven ‘little Jack’ was apprenticed to a schoolmaster who, he says, ‘taught me to write the law-hands, and by way of making the most of me hired me to the then clerk of the peace’ (Autobiography). In January 1786 he became errand-boy to a bookseller in Maidstone, and rose to be the chief assistant. In 1801, tempted by larger pay, he became clerk and traveller to a Maidstone wine merchant. Here he fell into drunken and profligate habits, and read Volney's ‘Law of Nature’ and Paine's ‘Age of Reason.’ In 1802 a friend lent him Porteus's ‘Evidences of Christianity,’ and his views changed. In February 1804 he bought a bookseller's shop at Worcester, and removed thither. His intemperate habits cost him terrible struggles, and he became a rigid total abstainer from 