Page:Dictionary of National Biography volume 24.djvu/393

 HARGRAVE, FRANCIS (1741?–1821), legal antiquary, son of Christopher Hargrave of Chancery Lane, London, was born about 1741. He entered as a student at Lincoln's Inn in 1760. In 1772 he attained considerable prominence at the bar in the habeas corpus case of the negro, James Sommersett. Soon afterwards he was appointed one of the king's counsel. In 1797 he was made recorder of Liverpool, and for many years was treasurer of Lincoln's Inn and a leading parliamentary lawyer. He published the following works: 1. ‘An Argument in the case of James Sommersett, a Negro, wherein it is attempted to demonstrate the present unlawfulness of Domestic Slavery in England,’ 1772; 3rd edit. 1788. Also in Howell's ‘State Trials,’ vol. xx. 2. ‘An Argument in Defence of Literary Property,’ 1774, 8vo. 3. ‘Coke upon Lyttleton,’ edited by F. Hargrave and Charles Butler, 1775. 4. ‘State Trials from Henry IV to 19 George III,’ 1776, 11 vols. fol. 5. ‘A Collection of Tracts relative to the Law of England, from manuscripts by Hale, Norburie, Blackstone, Hargrave, and others,’ 1787, 4to. 6. ‘Opinion on the case of the Duke of Athol in respect of the Isle of Man,’ 1788. 7. ‘Brief Deductions relative to the Aid and Supply of Executive Power in cases of Infancy, Delirium, or other incapacity of the King,’ 1788, anonymous. 8. ‘Collectanea Juridica: consisting of Cases, Tracts,’ &c., 2 vols. 1791–2, 8vo. 9. ‘Sir M. Hale's Jurisdiction of the Lords' House of Parliament, with Preface by F. H.,’ 1796, 4to. 10. ‘Juridical Arguments and Collections,’ 1797–9, 2 vols. 4to. The arguments in the Thellusson will case were reprinted from this work separately in 1799, and a new edition by J. F. Hargrave was published in 1842. 11. ‘Address to the Grand Jury at the Liverpool Sessions on the present Crisis of Public Affairs,’ 1804, 8vo. 12. ‘Jurisconsult Exercitations,’ 1811–13, 3 vols. 4to.

In 1813 his mind broke down, and parliament was petitioned by his wife, Diana Hargrave, to purchase his valuable library of legal manuscripts and printed books, many of the latter containing copious annotations; and on the recommendation of the House of Commons committee, who fully acknowledged Hargrave's eminent services to the public, especially in his published works, his library was purchased by government for 8,000l., and deposited in the British Museum. A catalogue of the manuscripts was compiled by Sir Henry Ellis, and published in 1818.

Hargrave died on 16 Aug. 1821, and was buried in the vault under the chapel of Lincoln's Inn. Lord Lyndhurst, in a speech delivered in the House of Lords, 7 Feb. 1856 said of him that ‘no man ever lived who was more conversant with the law of the country.’

 HARGREAVE, CHARLES JAMES, LL.D. (1820–1866), judge of landed estate court and mathematician, eldest son of James Hargreave, woollen manufacturer, was born at Wortley, near Leeds, Yorkshire, in December 1820. He was educated at Bramham, near Leeds, and at University College, London, and took the degree of LL.B. with honours in the university of London. On commencing the study of the law he passed some months in the office of a solicitor, and afterwards was the pupil of Richard James Greening, and then of [q. v.]. He was called to the bar at the Inner Temple 7 June 1844, and for some time assisted Jonathan Henry Christie as his draughtsman, but soon had an increasing business of his own. In 1843 he was appointed professor of jurisprudence in University College, a position which he held until his removal from London in 1849. After the famine in Ireland and the passing of the Incumbered Estates Act in 1849, a court of three commissioners, of which Hargreave was one, was appointed to sit in Dublin to receive applications for the sale of the estates. Hargreave received a salary of £2,000 a year. In August 1849 he took up his residence in Dublin, where for nine years he was incessantly occupied with his official duties. The amount of work accomplished by the court during this period was very large. Not the least important part of the labour was the reading in private of titles, statements, petitions, and affidavits. The applications being made ex parte, the rights of absent persons, infants and others, had to be protected by the commissioners themselves. The number of petitions filed from October 1849 to 31 Aug. 1857 was 4,413. The lands sold on these petitions were conveyed to the purchasers by means of upwards of eight thousand deeds of conveyance. The gross amount produced by sales of estates was 25,190,389l. Hargreave, in reply to a question put by a parliamentary committee, stated that ‘no mistake of consequence was ever made by the court.’ On the conservatives coming into power in 1858 a new measure for establishing the court in perpetuity, under the designation of Landed Estate Court, was passed, and of it Hargreave was appointed one of the judges, a position which he held to his death. In 1851 he was