Page:Dictionary of National Biography volume 22.djvu/304

 mass of the building is earlier or later than Gower's time. Probably it is a clumsy imitation of his style by a later artist (Archæologia Cambrensis, new series, ii. 321, 324). Leland assigns it to Gower (Collectanea, i. 323); but Leland also says Gower was chancellor of England. The very similar parapet work of the tower of Swansea Castle, work only differing from that at St. David's by its greater plainness, is also attributed to Gower by Leland, and here architectural evidence leaves little doubt of his correctness. Several other buildings in the diocese can also be attributed ‘with moral certainty’ to Gower or to a school of builders that followed in his footsteps These include the beautiful decorated chancel of Swansea old church, the churches of Carew and Hodgeston, and the choir and chapel at Monkton in Pembrokeshire. Gower was also the founder of a hospital at Swansea for the blind, aged, and sick. He appointed six chaplains to perform divine service in it, and endowed it with lands in the neighbourhood that seem to have been his private property, as well as the revenues of the churches of Swansea, Penrice, and Llanguick.

[Gower's architectural work at St. David's is minutely described in the History and Antiquities of St. David's by Bishop Jones and Professor Freeman, pp. 78, 101, 110, 157, 189; his personal history is treated with less completeness in pp. 302–3 of the same work; for his buildings in Gower, Freeman's Architectural Antiquities of Gower, reprinted in pamphlet form from the Archæologia Cambrensis, vol. i. new ser.; for Lamphey, Archæologia Cambrensis, ii. 321, 324, iii. 199, new ser.; Browne Willis's Survey of St. David's; Canon Bevan's Diocesan History of St. David's, pp. 133–4, in the S.P.C.K. Series of Diocesan Histories; Leland's Collectanea, i. 275, 323; Rymer's Fœdera, vol. ii. Record edition; Rolls of Parliament vol. ii.; Le Neve's Fasti Ecclesiæ Anglicanæ, i. 293–4, 308, ed. Hardy.]  GOWER, HUMPHREY, D.D. (1638–1711), master of St. John's College, Cambridge, son of Stanley Gower, successively rector of Brampton Bryan, Herefordshire, and of Holy Trinity, Dorchester, and a member of the assembly of divines in 1643, was born at Brampton Bryan in 1638 and educated at St. Paul's and Dorchester schools, and St. John's College, Cambridge, where he graduated B.A. in 1658, was elected to a fellowship on 23 March 1658-9, and proceeded M.A. in 1662. Having taken holy orders, he was successively incumbent of Hammoon, Dorsetshire, to which living he was presented in April 1663, of Packlesham (1667-75), of Newton in the Isle of Ely (1675-7), and of Fen Ditton, to which he was collated on 4 July 1677. On 11 July 1679 he was appointed to the mastership of Jesus College, Cambridge, which he resigned for that of St. John's on 3 Dec. following, having in the meantime (1 Nov.) been appointed prebendary of Ely. He was vice-chancellor of the university in 1680-1, and in that capacity, on 18 Sept. 1681, he headed a deputation of dons which waited on the king at Newmarket. On the 17th he entertained Charles at dinner at St. John's, made him two Latin speeches, and gave him an English bible. There was much festivity both in town and university, and the conduits ran with wine. On 29 June 1688 Gower was appointed Lady Margaret's professor of divinity. In July 1693, twenty of the fellows of his college being nonjurors, a peremptory mandamus was issued against him requiring him to eject them. He refused on the ground that the mandamus should not have been made peremptory in the first instance. Steps were at once taken to indict him at the Cambridge assizes, but the grand jury threw out the bill. A mandamus nisi issued in the following October, but, the names of the nonjuring fellows having been omitted, Gower again refused to eject them, alleging that it did not appear who they were, and the court of king's bench declined to make the mandamus peremptory (, Rep. 360, 546, Modern Rep. iv. 233).

No further proceedings seem to have been taken. Gower died at St. John's College on 27 March 1711, and was buried in the college chapel. By his will he left 500l. towards providing livings for the college, and a considerable estate at Thriplow, with a house for the use of the master, subject to a rent-charge of 20l. per annum towards maintaining two indigent scholars, sons of clergymen, educated either at Dorchester or St. Paul's School. He also left his books to the college library.

Gower published: 1. 'A Discourse delivered in two Sermons in the Cathedral of Ely in September 1684,' Cambridge, 1685, 4to. 2. 'A Sermon preached before the King at Whitehall on Christmas Day, 1684,' London, 1685, 4to. He also wrote a biographical sketch of John Milner, the nonjuring vicar of Leeds, who died at St. John's College, Cambridge, on 16 Feb. 1702, which will be found in Thoresby's 'Vicaria Leodiensis,' p. 113.

[Baker's Hist. of the College of St. John the Evangelist, ed. Mayor; Life of Ambrose Bonwicke, ed. Mayor; Gardiner's Admission Reg. of St. Paul's School; Le Neve's Fasti Eccl. Angl.; Grad. Cant.; Luttrell's Relation of State Affairs, i. 127, 130, 446, iii. 144, 158-9, 191, 213.] 