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 and reissued in 1871; in 1877 appeared his ‘Orations;’ in 1879 his ‘Temperance Gleanings;’ in 1880 ‘Sunshine and Shadow, or Gleanings from my Life Work,’ and in 1885 ‘Platform Echoes.’ Returning to America in 1879 he continued his work. When lecturing in the Franklin Presbyterian Church, Philadelphia, he was seized with a paralytic stroke, and died, after a short illness, on 18 Feb. 1886. He had been twice married, but left no family.

No other speaker on the temperance question had ever so fully gained the public ear. After his lectures many took the pledge; men of high social and professional position espoused the cause; and new societies were formed.



GOUGH, RICHARD (1735–1809), antiquary, born on 21 Oct. 1735 in Winchester Street, London, was the only son and heir of Harry Gough, esq., of Perry Hall, Staffordshire, by Elizabeth, daughter of Morgan Hynde, a wealthy brewer of London. The father (1681–1751) went, when only eleven years old, to China with Sir Richard Gough, his uncle, kept all his accounts, and was called by the Chinese ‘Ami Whangi,’ or the ‘white-haired boy.’ He commanded the ship Streatham from 1707 to 1715, when he retired with a competency from the service of the East India Company. Subsequently he became a director of the company and M.P. for Bramber. He refused several offices from Sir Robert Walpole, whose confidence he possessed.

Richard Gough acquired the first rudiments of Latin under the tuition of a Courlander named Barnewitz, on whose death he was entrusted to the care of Roger Pickering, a learned dissenting minister. He finished his Greek studies under [q. v.], the friend of Dr. Johnson. At the early age of eleven he began a work which, by the indulgence of his mother, was printed under the title of ‘The History of the Bible, translated from the French, by R. G., Junior, 1746, London, printed [by James Waugh] in the year 1747.’ Of this curious volume, consisting of 160 sheets in folio, twenty-five copies were privately printed; and the colophon announced that the translation, made from a work by David Martin, printed at Amsterdam in 2 vols. fol. 1700, was ‘done at twelve years and a half old’ (Notes and Queries, 1st ser. iii. 100, 165). Another juvenile work was ‘The Customs of the Israelites, translated from the French of the Abbé Fleury, by R. G.,’ 1750, 8vo, also privately printed by Waugh. Gough likewise prepared for the press an elaborate compilation entitled ‘Atlas Renovatus; or Geography Modernized,’ 1751, fol. The manuscript afterwards came into the possession of his friend John Nichols, F.S.A.

His father died in 1751, leaving him the reversion of the Middleton estate in Warwickshire and of much property in other counties. He was admitted in July 1752 a fellow-commoner of Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, a college where many famous antiquaries from the days of Parker downwards had been educated. His college tutor was Dr. John Barnardiston, afterwards master. Some extracts from a journal kept by him at this period have been printed in the ‘Gentleman's Magazine,’ new ser., ix. 150. Cole says that Gough was a rigid presbyterian, and that Barnardiston was particularly enjoined by his relatives ‘not to suffer him to be matriculated, by which he avoided taking the oaths, and not to let him receive the sacrament, otherwise he was to go to the college chapel as others’ (Addit. MS 5870, f. 113). He ‘was very shy and awkward, and much the joke of his fellow-collegians; and hardly ever stirred out of college but with his tutor’ (ib. 5824 f. 62 b, 5852 f. 111, 5886 f. 22). At the university his studies were regular and severe. Numerous works which he compiled or translated at this period are still extant in manuscript, and bear witness to the diversity of his literary tastes and his indefatigable industry. In July 1756 he left Cambridge without a degree, and visited Peterborough, Croyland Abbey, and Stamford. In subsequent years he traversed nearly the whole of England, making copious notes, which he digested for an augmented edition of Camden's ‘Britannia,’ the result of twenty years' excursions. In his earlier tours he made many creditable sketches. His last regular topographical tour was through Cumberland and Scotland in 1771; but till within two years of his death he made at least one annual excursion, often accompanied by his friend John Nichols, the printer. His earliest antiquarian publication was an elaborate disquisition on ‘The History of Carausius; or an examination of what has been advanced on that subject by Genebrier and Dr. Stukeley’ (anon.), 1762, 4to. He was highly esteemed by John Howard, the philanthropist, who often pressed him to become his travelling companion. In 1767 Gough was elected a fellow of the Society of Antiquaries of London, and from 1771 till 12 Dec. 1797 was director of the society.